HSA stethoscope, taking a pulse, and respiration

stethoscope

• invented by Rene Laennec in 1819

Manaural stethoscope

• 24 sheets of paper rolled up, placed one end to ear, and other to back

• caused by uncomfortableness of hearing women's heart, by placing head to chest. Bina

Binaural stethoscope

• 1855, Dr. George command produced Binaural stethoscope

• ivory earpieces, could hear with both ears

parts of stethoscope

• bell, diaphragm, tubing, earpiece

bell

• cup shaped parts at end of tubing

• used to listen to high pitched sounds

Diaphragm

• fat part at end of tubing used to listen to high pitched noises

tubing

• transmits sounds from ball or diaphragm

Earpiece

prevent outside sounds from interfering while listening

auscultation

• bowel sounds

bowel sounds

• heart, lungs, abdomen

light contact

• used to engage bell function, low frequency

firm contact

• used to engage diaphragm function, high frequency

appical pulse

when you listen to patients heart to hear pulse

adult pulse

60-100 bpm

child pulse

70-110 bpm

infant pulse

120-160

respiration

interchange of gases - involves breathing

• inspiration and expiration

inspiration

• when a person inhales or brings in air to their lungs

expiration

• expulsion of air from the lungs or when a person releases the air out of their lungs

• inspiration + expiration = 1 respiration

regular rhythm of respiration

evenly spaced

irregular rhythm of respiration

unevenly spaced

adult respiratory rates

12-20 breaths per minute

child respiratory rates

16 - 25 breaths per minute

infants respiratory rates

30 - 50 breaths per minute

characters of respiration

deep, shallow, labored, stertorous, moist

deep

• easy to see chest rise, large amount of air inhaled

shallow

• difficult to see chest rise, small amount of air inhaled

labored

individual must work hard to breathe

stertorous

• noisy, snoring breaths

moist

• wet sounds

dyspnea

• difficult of painful breathing

Apnea

• absense of breathing

Tachypnea

• rapid breathing

Bradypnea

• slow breathing

cheyne - stokes

• periods of dyspnea alternating with periods of apnea

• seen in dying patients

abnormal sounds

rales, rhonchus, wheezing,

rales

• AKA crackles, abnormal rattle or crackle sound during inspiration

rhoncus

• soudns that resemble snoring

• occurs when air is blocked

wheezing

• high pitched sounds, produced by narrowed airways, heard when person breathes out

guidelines for counting respirations

1. don’t let patient know you are counting respirations

2. count pulse for 30 sec, then respiration for 30 sec

3. leave fingers pf radial pulse while you count repsirations, and hold their wrist in front of their chest

4. multiply your respirations by 2 for breaths per min