Unit 0 Vocabulary Desk

Format: Matching & Fill in Perspectives Hand with Wordbank

Psychodynamic Perspective

The unconscious (level of alertness) is the source of desires, thoughts, and memories below the surface of conscious awareness and early life experiences are important to personality development

Cognitive Perspective

Emphasize the importance of receiving, storing, and processing information; of think and reasoning; and of language to understand human behavior.

Behaviorism Perspective

The focuses on measuring and recording observable behaviors in relation to the environment.

Humanistic Perspective

The unique qualities of free will and potential personal growth guide behavior and mental processes

Biological Perspective

Complex chemical and biological processes within the nervous and endocrine systems are related to the behavior of human organism

Evolutionary Perspective

Psychologists and researchers take the basic principles of evolution, including natural selection and apply them to psychological phenomena.

SocioCultural Perspective

Study social and environmental factors that influences cultural differences in behavior.

BioPsychoSocial Perspective

Overarching approach that integrates biological. Processes, psychological factors, and social forces to understand behavior and mental processses.

Emperical Evidence

Refers to information that is obtained through observations experimentations, or measurement.

Hindsight Bias

People believe that they knew something was going to happen after it already happened.

Overconfidence

When people have too much faith in their own judgements or abilities, thinking they know more than they actually do.

Descriptive Research

The style in with data is collected.

Hypothesis

In psychology, a specific, testable prediction or educated guess about the relationship between variables or the outcome of a research study.

Falsifiable

A falsifiable hypothesis in psychology is a statement that can be tested and potentially proven false.

Reliability

Measure or test is considered reliable if it produces constant results when administered repeatedly under the similar conditions.

Validity

The extent to which a research study or measurement tool accurately measures what it intends to measure

Operational Definition

Specifies how a researcher will measure and manipulates variables in a study.

Case Study

Research in psychology that involves an in-dpeth examination of a single individual, group, or phenomenon

Naturalistic Observation

Research method in psychology where researches observe and record behavior in real-world settings without intervention or manipulation.

Survey (Technique)

Research method in psychology used to collect data from a sample of individuals through self report measures.

Likert Scale

A measurement tool used in survey and questionnaires to assess people’s attitudes, opinions, and perceptions.

Random Sample

Ensures that each participant in the study has equal opportunity to be included, which helps to minimize the influence of researchers bias and increase the generalizability of findings to the population as a whole.

Sample Bias

This bias occurs when the sample is not representative of the larger population, leading to inaccurate or misleading results.

Correlation Research

A scientific method used in psychology to examine the relationship between two or more variables.

Third Varible Problem

The possibility that a third, unmeasured variable may be influencing the relationship between the two variables of interest.

Correlation Coefficient

Statistical measure used in correlation research to quantify the strength and correlation of the relationship between the two variables.

Positive Corrrelation

A correlation coefficient of +1 indicates a positive relationship.

Negative Correlation

A correlation coefficient of -1 indicates a negative relationship

No Correlation

A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no relationship between the variables.

Experiment Research

Research technique used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Quantitative Data

Helps us understand patterns and relationships in a precise way

Q for Quantity:

• In math, quantity is numbers

Qualitative Data

Focuses on experiences $ Behaviors

Q for Quality:

• in English, quality writing is words.

Independent Variable

The factor that the experimenter controls or manipulates.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is being tested or measured in an experiment.

Confounding/Lurking Variable

Variable that wasn’t accounted for or controlled in the study but still affects the results.

Experimental Group

Exposed to the independent variable.

Control Group

Not exposed to the independent variable.

Random Assignment

Research method used to assign participants to different groups in an experiment randomly.

Generalizability

This extent to which research findings obtained from a sample can be applied or generalized to a larger population.