Ultimate 90-Question Practice Test Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering U.S. government principles, the Constitution, branches of government, amendments, and landmark Supreme Court cases based on the 90-question practice test.

Constitution

The supreme law of the land that sets up the government and begins with the words 'We the People'.

Bill of Rights

The first $10$ amendments to the Constitution.

Amendment

A change to the Constitution.

Separation of Powers

A principle where the government is divided into branches.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the government gets its power from the people.

Federalism

Shared power between state and national governments.

Checks and Balances

The system where branches of government can limit each other's powers.

Limited Government

The idea that government power is restricted by the Constitution.

Rule of Law

The principle that everyone must follow the law.

Legislative Branch

The branch of government that makes laws.

Executive Branch

The branch of government that enforces laws.

Judicial Branch

The branch of government that interprets laws.

President

The official who signs or vetoes bills and serves as Commander in Chief of the military.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to review laws and declare them unconstitutional.

Marbury v. Madison

The Supreme Court case that established judicial review.

U.S. Senators

There are $100$ total members, and they serve for terms of $6$ years.

House of Representatives

The part of Congress with $435$ voting members who serve $2$-year terms.

Electoral College

The body that elects the President of the United States.

1st Amendment

Protects freedom of speech and freedom of religion.

2nd Amendment

Protects the right to bear arms.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Amendment

Protects against self-incrimination and guarantees due process.

6th Amendment

Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial.

8th Amendment

Protects against cruel and unusual punishment.

10th Amendment

States that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states.

13th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Guarantees citizen status to people born in the U.S. and ensures equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

Gave Black men the right to vote.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

22nd Amendment

Limits presidents to serving only $2$ terms.

24th Amendment

The amendment that ended poll taxes.

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age to $18$.

Due Process

Fair legal procedures.

Equal Protection

The principle that laws must apply equally to everyone.

Declaration of Independence

Adopted in $1776$, it declared independence from Britain and identified unalienable rights like life and liberty.

Thomas Jefferson

The author of the Declaration of Independence.

George Washington

The first President of the United States.

Constitutional Convention

The meeting where the purpose was to write the Constitution.

Federalist Papers

Essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order that freed slaves in Confederate states.

Louisiana Territory

The territory the U.S. purchased from France in $1803$.

Civil War

The war fought between the North and South.

Abraham Lincoln

The President during the Civil War.

Civil Rights Movement

The movement that worked to end racial discrimination.

Martin Luther King Jr.

A prominent civil rights leader.

Susan B. Anthony

A leader who fought for women's rights.

Brown v. Board of Education

The Supreme Court case that declared school segregation unconstitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court case that established the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Tinker v. Des Moines

The Supreme Court case that protected student free speech.

Gideon v. Wainwright

The Supreme Court case that guaranteed the right to an attorney.

Miranda v. Arizona

The Supreme Court case that required police to inform suspects of their rights.

Unalienable Rights

Rights that cannot be taken away.

Jury Duty

A responsibility specifically for U.S. citizens.

U.S. Flag

Contains $13$ stripes for the original colonies and $50$ stars for the states.

Washington, D.C.

The capital of the United States.

Atlantic Ocean

The ocean on the East Coast of the United States.

Pacific Ocean

The ocean on the West Coast of the United States.

Liberty

Another word for freedom.