psych exam 3

what is personality

a person consistent patters of thoughts, feelings and behaviors

what approach does twin studies use

the biological approach

what are the 3 agencies of personality

id, ego, superego

what is the id

seeks pleasure

what Is the superego

moral conscience

what does a defense mechanism do

deny and destroy reality

regression

returning to childish behavior

example of regression

a teen throws a tantrum when stressed

sublimation

channeling negative urges into positive actions

example of sublimation

aggressive persons becomes a boxer

oedipus complex

boy desires mothers; linked to castration

electra complex

girl desires father; linked to penis envy

gender

social or psychological identity

sex

biological

archetypes

universal emotional symbols

example of archetypes

mother, hero, villain, goddess, mandala

Karen Horney

created womb envy in response to Freuds

what does humanistic theories focus on

positive human qualities

according to humanistic theories

all humans strived to reach self actualization

Abraham Maslow pyramid

physiological needs, safety needs,

love and belonging,

esteem,

self actualization,

unconditional positive regard

accepting and respecting someone no matter what

empathy

understanding and sharing another persons feelings

factor analysis

statistical method to identify personality traits

OCEAN

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

high vs low openness

high- creative

low- prefers routine

high vs low conscientiousness

high-organized

low-careless

high vs low extraversion

high- outgoing

low-shy/introverted

high vs low agreeableness

high-kind

low-rude or competitive

high vs low neuroticism

high-anxious

low-calm

main criticism of trait theory

it does not include morality

dark triad traits

narcissism, machiavellianism, psychopathy

individualism

self focused

collectivism

group focused

first criminal profile was done on

Adolf hitler

first impression

initial judgment or opinion you form about someone when you first meet them

external attribution

behavior caused by situation

internal attribution

behavior caused by personality

fundamental attribution error

overestimating personality and underestimating situation

attitudes and behaviors relationship

bidirectional, they influence each other

example of cognitive dissonance

smoking but knowing its bad then feeling discomfort

just world belief

belief that people get what they deserve

types of persuasion

central route persuasion and peripheral route persuasion

central route persuasion

uses logic and facts

peripheral route persuasion

uses emotions or attractiveness

altruism

helping others without no benefit to yourself

causes of aggression

biological, psychological , cognitive, sociocultural

conformity

changing a behavior to match a group

obedience

following authority

compliance

agreeing to a request

milgram experiment finding

people obey authority even if it harms others

in-group

your own group

out group

any other group that you are not in

stanford prison experiment showed

deindividuation

who did the Stanford prison experiment

zimbardo on college aged men

social facilitation

performing better in the presence of others

group polarization

the enhancement of a persons opinion in a group when the whole group shares the same opinion

group think

when groups sacrifice critical thinking for the sake of the group

social loafing

less effort when in a group

types of compliance

foot in the door and door in the face

foot in the door

requests something small then when u do it requests somthing bigger

door in the face

request something bigger then when you don't do it requests something smaller to get you to comply

prejudice

negative attitude towards a group

discrimination

negative behavior towards a group

stereotype

generalized belief about a group