Sociology final exam flashcards

Canadian Indigenous policy aimed to ______ Indigenous into Canadian society, ________ and ______ (12)

assimilate; deculturate; remean

Indigenous vs European gender roles - Victorian Europe - men were in the _____ sphere, women in the _____ sphere. women were more _______ but emotionally weak and not intellectual. value placed on the _____ sphere (12)

men were in the public sphere (politics, economy, power), women in the private sphere (home, childcare, cooking). women were more spiritual. value placed on public sphere

Indigenous vs European societies - Indigenous societies - women were _______ and central. motherhood was a _____ and ____ role, family is not _______, its political, economical, spiritual (12)

women were powerful and central, motherhood was a political and social role. family is not private.

women sustain community, participate in governance

Indigenous family structures (Anishinaabe) - 4 levels (12)

1 - individual 2 - family/clan 3 - community 4 - nation/creation/spiritual

family = a political, social, spiritual system

colonial policies targeted family systems because they are a foundation of ______ _________ (12)

Indigenous governance

fur trade - Indigenous women married European traders - ‘______ _ __ ___ __ ___’ (12)

marriage a la facon du pays

in what provinces were European traders (most often frenchmen) drawn into kinship circles of Indigenous communities (12)

AB, Sask, Manitoba

Indigenous authority eventually got ignored, land became _______ (corporate property of Hudsons Bay Company in ___) and land title transferred in creation of ______ in ____. marked beginning of ______ _____ in Canada (12)

Indigenous authority eventually got ignored, land became privatized (corporate property of Hudsons Bay Company in 1670) and land title transferred in creation of Manitoba in 1870. marked beginning of Aboriginal policy in Canada

Westward expansion was top priority in ____ century. Fur trade was coming to a close and ______ was best option for sucess (12)

late 19th century; agriculture

Purpose of treaties (12)

to get land for settlers and encourage farming/expansion

Royal Proclamation 1763 and 3 main goals (12)

no survey or settlement of land could take place without permission of crown or representatives. 3 main goals - secure military alliance, land control, westward expansion

By ____ in what is now Canada, the British Crown had jurisdiction over ‘Indians’ with exception of _____’s land which was owned by HBC (12)

1830; Rupert’s

When was confederation (12)

1867

In ____ the department of Indian affairs was transferred from secretary of state to department of _____ which oversaw Crown lands and after this transfer, ______ _____ became main focus of government-Indigenous relations

1873; Interior; treaty making

Indian Act _____ - what did it do and what two acts amalgamated (12)

Indian Act 1876

controlled land, status, governance, identity

amalgamation of Gradual Civilization Act 1857 and Gradual Enfranchisement Act 1869

gender discrimination from Indian Act and what section of the act (12)

Indigenous women lost status if they married non Indigenous men under the act, section 6(1)

lost right to live on reserve, own property, vote, be buried in community

in ____ the Indian Act underwent many amendments (12)

1951

women could vote and bans on ceremonies dropped

main gender discrimination cases (12)

Jeanette Lavell and Yvonne Bedard lost at SC, Sandra Lovelace UN case

in the ____s, section _ identified as human rights abuse of removing women’s status (12)

1980s, section 12

in ____, bill ___ restored status. (12)

1895, Bill C-31

In ____, bill __ gave more gender equality (12)

2011, C-3

how many children attended residential schools and how many church operated schools (12)

150,000 children, 130 church operated schools

what was the first residential school and when did it open and close (12)

Mohawk Institute 1831, closed 1970 - Brantford

when did the last residential school close (12)

1996 in Saskatchewan

close to _______ residential school survivors still living, and __ billion settlement. how much was given to each person for attending and how much do they get every year (12)

80,000; $5 billion (largest settlement in Canadian history); 10,000 for attending and additional 3000 for each year attended

jurisidiction issues for Indigenous (12)

federal = reserves, provincial = services, results in gaps in healthcre, education, etc

60s scoop (12)

1960s-80s, term coined by Patrick Johnson, 20,000+ children removed, 70-90% placed outside culture

millenium scoop (12)

still happening today, Blackstock and Trome argue Indigenous children are being removed from homes at a rate 3x higher than during height of residential school systems

Oka Crisis 1990, Meech Lake accord 1987

when was royal commission on Aboriginal peoples established and what were the 3 key areas (12)

1991 (RCAP) - 3 main areas - child welfare reform, family violence, aspects of family law

when was the first time a FN agency was able to have control over child welfare (12)

1981

Jordan’s Principle (12)

child first policy - equal access to services, in memory of Jordan River Anderson in Manitoba

2007 FN Child and Family Caring society (FNFCS) and assembly of FN filed against fed govt, led to adoption of Jordan’s principle

2016 - govt was underfunding child welfare (38% less), ordered compensation but fed govt denied motion

matrimonial real property (12)

no rules for dividing property on reserves before 2013 in event of marriage breakdown

2013 - Family Homes on Reserves and matrimonial interests or rights act

when did UN adopt UNDRIP and when did Canada adopt it (12)

2007; Canada adopted it in 2016 - 46 articles, protection from genocide

T or F - if a rreserve was near a town of 8000 or more, in 1905 it was made legal for federal government to relocate ‘indians’ (12)

T

in ____ enrollment became mandatory for FN children under 16 for residential school (12)

1884

despite comprising % of children in Canada, Indigenous children were _% of children nationally (2011) (12)

7; 48

t or f - violence in families is not just a private issue, its a social, structural, political problem (14)

T

did the pandemic increase risk of violence in families because of stay at home orders? (14)

yes - violence is most likely to happen inside the family home, ‘pandemic within a pandemic’

______ ____ terms can sometimes hide the reality that violence is mostly by men against women (14)

gender neutral terms

but they are also more inclusive in terms of gender identities and family forms

narrow vs broad definitions of domestic violence - narrow definition (14)

focuses on physical and sexual violence ex hitting, scratching, forced acts

easy to measure statistically, good for sruveys and crime data

misses the bigger picture of power and control

narrow vs broad definitions of domestic violence - broad definition (14)

includes physical, psychological, verbal, financial, spiritual, sexual abuse, threats to children, loved ones, pets - ex. isolation from family, gaslighting, controlling money, monitoring phone

better captures the lived experience of survivors, shows abuse is ongoing control

treats it as a public/systemic issue not just private

feminist argument patriarchy and domestic violence (14)

domestic violene rooted in powr, control, male dominance

the broad definition takes patriarchy and inequality into consideration

feminist theories (14)

domestic violence comes from dominance and patriarchy

MacKinnon (2006) many women struggle to separate ‘normal’ sexual acts from domestic violence in heterosexual relationships

Intersectional feminist approach - look at how violence is shaped by ender, race, class, sexual orientation

power and control wheel (14)

explains tactics used by abusers

social learning theories (14)

people learn from their environment - ex. intergenerational transmission of violence

coercive control - Stark 2009 - coercive control increased as some men responded to losing patriarchial priviliege in public. pattern of controlling behaviour used to create fear doesn’t have to be physical

cycle of violence (14)

1 - tension building ( stress, signs of abuse)

2 - violence

3 - honeymoon (apology, affective, promises)

Parental Alienation (PA) (14)

child rejects violent father because mother ‘brainwashed’ child - can be used in custody battles to dismiss real abuse

psychiatric and personality theories (14)

domestic violence linked to personality problems and childhood trauma in offender

Dutton - men who experience trauma and dysfunctional parenting may develop personality disorders and become violent - ex. antisocial, borderline, overcontrolled personalities

individual personality matter but personal problems are also influenced by larger social structures

social situation/stress coping theory (14)

violence is influenced by individual characteristics and social stressors

poverty is not automatically the cause of violence but it creates major stress. racism is another source of stress.

economic disadvantage, visible minority status, and Indigneous identity are associated with lower income, lower education, underemployment/unemployment

T or F - Canada was first country to conduct national survey focused on violence against women (CWAWS) (14)

T

only done once

__% of Canadians report witnessing violence by a parent as a child. _ % for indigenous. (14)

10; 21

during ___ wave of feminism in the ___s, women began to publicly speak out about domestic violence (14)

2nd wave feminism in 1960s

since ___, rates have been measured using General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization, and police crime data. key finding? (14)

1993

rates for women and men have remained fairly steady over time

in ___, __% of women and men who experienced domestic violence did not report it to police

2013; 70

when did the federal government introduce ‘It’s Time: Canada’s Strategy to Prevent and Address GBV’ (14)

2017

when was the first survey on safety in public and private places (SSPPS) (14)

2018

Indigenous women are _ to _ times more likely than non Indigeous women to report physical or sexual violence (14)

2 to 4

immigrant families - domestic violence is also shaped by ____ stress _____ stress and _____ stress (14)

migration, adjustment, economic

intervention strategies are a ______ coordinated response and must be tailored to different groups. 3 intervention strategies: (14)

community

the shelter movement (1), the criminal justice response (2), action oriented research on family violence (3)

what are 2 common options for domestic violence survivors (14)

calling police and going to a shelter - these options are not always the most effective, especially for minority groups and vulnerable communities