Lecture 2 - Equine Handling, Gaits & Physical Exam

The Flehmen response is a reaction to __________, __________, or __________.

smell, taste, discomfort

Horses should be led from the __________ side.

left

A quick-release knot is used for __________.

safety during tying

Stocks are used to __________ horses safely during procedures.

restrain

A neck twitch provides __________ restraint.

short-term distraction

Mechanical lip twitches initially distract for __________ minutes before endorphin release.

3-5

After initial distraction, lip twitches provide analgesia for __________ minutes.

10-15

The body condition score (BCS) scale ranges from __________ to __________.

1 to 9

The ideal BCS for a horse is __________.

5-6

A fit athletic horse may have a BCS of __________.

4

A horse is considered too thin at a BCS of __________ or less.

3

Morbid obesity in horses corresponds to a BCS of __________.

8-9

One hand equals __________ inches.

4

The average weight of a standard horse is __________ to __________ pounds.

1000 to 1100

A physical exam should begin at the __________ and end at the __________.

head, tail

A systematic exam helps detect problems __________ or __________ to the primary issue.

related, unrelated

The face should be evaluated for __________.

symmetry

Mucous membranes are assessed for __________ and __________.

color, moistness

Capillary refill time (CRT) evaluates __________.

perfusion

The pulse under the jaw is palpated at the __________ artery.

facial

Lymph nodes under the jaw are called __________ lymph nodes.

submandibular

The jugular vein is located in the __________ region.

neck

Normal resting heart rate in a horse is __________ to __________ bpm.

28 to 42

Normal resting respiratory rate is __________ to __________ breaths per minute.

8 to 20

Normal lung sounds are __________ and difficult to hear.

quiet

GI sounds may be heard in the lungs due to __________.

referred sounds

Gut sounds should be auscultated in __________ quadrants.

4

The cecum is located in the __________ __________ quadrant.

upper right

The cecum flushes __________ to __________ times per minute.

1 to 2

Normal temperature range is __________ to __________ °F.

99 to 101.5

When taking temperature, stand __________ to the horse.

close

Limbs should be examined from __________ to __________.

top, bottom

A strong digital pulse may indicate __________.

foot inflammation

Digital pulses are normally __________.

very faint

Hoof structures include the __________, __________, __________, and __________.

frog, sole, hoof wall, heels

The __________ band is the growth area of the hoof.

coronary

IM injections in the neck should be less than __________ mL per site.

15

The __________ muscle is avoided due to proximity to the sciatic nerve.

semimembranosus

IV injections are performed in the __________ __________ of the jugular vein.

upper third

The walk is a __________-beat gait.

4

The trot is a __________-beat gait.

2

The canter is a __________-beat gait.

3

The rack is a __________-beat gait.

4

The pace is a __________-beat gait.

2

Head and leg markings consist of __________ areas only.

white

A stallion is an __________ male horse.

intact

A gelding is a __________ male horse.

castrated

A mare is a __________ horse.

female

A mule is a cross between a __________ and a __________.

mare, jack

A hinny is a cross between a __________ and a __________.

stallion, jennet