Everything MIL 2nd Semester Final Term

Mediation

• Process of representing or conveying something

• Ideas, knowledge, and reality can only be encountered in their materially contained form

Mediatization

• Media in the sense of mechanical and electronic media technologies

• Presence of media has become a structural condition for the determination of society

Traditional Media

Newspapers, magazines, radio, television (what you use to get information)

Mechanical Media

Printing press, typewriter, film projector (how the media is made or delivered)

Electronic Media

Media that uses electricity or digital technology to communicate information

‘The Medium is the Message’

• Aphorism by Marshall McLuhan

• The concept that media influences how people view the world

Marshall McLuhan

He distinguishes the difference between hot media and cool media

George Eastman

American entrepreneur who founded the Kodak Company and helped to bring the photographic use of roll film into the mainstream

Message

The change of scale or pace or pattern

Harold Innis

• Bias of Communication

• Each medium creates its own information and knowledge monopoly

Print Media

• Amplified writing and gave birth to the new world

• Introduced books of all sorts, from religious to scholarly to artistic texts

• Everyone is exposed to exactly the same texts that experts are exposed to and their own discoveries

Newspaper

Controls the message by choosing what is important

Books

Makes the message deeper and more reflective

Magazines

Makes the message more about lifestyle and appearance

Motion Picture

• Captures series of pictures and made it available for manipulation

• Deploys the capability of painting, sculpture, architecture, dance, music, theater, and literature

Andre Bazin

• Film Theorist

• ‘Humanity always desired to capture reality’

Silent Film Scene

Message is not just the story, it becomes the visual emotion

Cinema Experience

Makes the message powerful and emotional

Film on Smartphone

Changes how we understand the message, less immersive, more casual

Mass Dissemination

Distribution or spreading of information, news, content through mass media

Social Homogenization

Process by which societies become more similar or uniform in terms of culture, values, norms, behavior, and attitude

Broadcast

One-way signals to an unknown number of receivers through a device

Radio Broadcast

• Amplified the print media and gave emphasis on oral medium

• Message more imaginative and personal

Television Broadcast

• Took the enthusiasm and variety of radio and made it visual

• Message feels immediate and real

Hot Media

• High in informational content and invites low participation

• Print Media, Photographs, Films, Lectures

Cool Media

• Less information and encourages more interaction

• Television, Cartoons, Seminars, Telephone, Conversations

Niklas Luhmann

‘No interaction among those co-present can take place between sender and receivers…’

New Media/Emerging Media

• Characterized by their means of crafting and allowing interactive networks through and across cyberspace

• Intelligent environments enabled by electronics

Misinformation

Inaccurate information

Untruth

Carefully constructed lies

Networked User

Allows to personalize media use and mediatize time and space

Intermedia Convergence

Interconnection of information and communications technologies

Telenovela

Portmanteau of ‘television’ and ‘novel’ referring to popular television drama series

Reality TV

Hybrid television genre that mixed the serial drama and documentary

George Orwell

Wrote a dystopian novel entitled 1984

1984

• Cautionary tale, warning that if we don’t learn from history, the future might be a repetition of what happened in the past

• Manipulative use of media technologies to keep the masses of people under control and surveillance

Orwellian use of Media Technology

• Media is used to manipulate how society thinks, acts, and feels

• Connotes brutal control of media dissemination of propaganda, deliberate misinformation, surveillance, reversal of truth, repression, rewriting of history, and manipulation of memory

Paul Levinson

• Media historian and science fiction writer

• ‘Argues that the history of media is guided by soft determinism’

• ‘The impact of every medium is subject to an audience of human appraisal, expressed not only in ideas but in the behavior of utilizing a medium or not’

Soft Determinism/Compatibilism

• Belief that free will and determinism can co-exist

• Technological advancements and innovations in media have a deterministic influence on society but still individual and culture have the ability to shape the direction and impact on media technology

• Means that emergence and dominance of media technologies do not cause social realities but it influences social tendencies

Soft Sell

• Emotional and direct

• Associative in nature

Hard Sell

• Direct and forceful

• Utilize explicit message

Brian Winston

• Media historian

• ‘Argues that technological prototypes do not always emerge as a force in society, because many social factors are involved in turning inventions into necessities’

Petroglyphs

• Around 30,000 BCE - 10,000 BCE

• Earliest human carvings on stone

Rosetta Stone

• 196 BCE

• Helped decode egyptian writing

Printing Press

• 1440 CE

• Johannes Gutenberg

• Start of mass printing

Philippine Revolution

• 1986

• Use of newspapers like Kalayaan and writings of Jose Rizal

Telegraph

• 1837

• Samuel Morse

• First electronic communication

Telephone

• 1876

• Alexander Graham Bell

• Voice communication

Radio

• Early 1900s

• Mass broadcasting begins

Motion Picture

• 1895

• Lumiere Brothers

• First films shown to the public

Internet

• Tim Berners-Lee

• Global communication network

• Worldwide network of computers that use the same telecommunication protocol

New Media

• 2000s

• Present social media, smartphones, Web 2.0

Speculative Technologies in Science Fiction Narratives