Exploration and Colonial History

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on exploration and colonial history, particularly focused on Indian history and European influence.

Christopher Columbus

An Italian explorer who sailed westward from Spain in 1492, discovering the Americas.

Ferdinand Magellan

The first explorer to successfully circumnavigate the Earth in 1519.

Mughal Empire

An Islamic empire in the Indian subcontinent that was strong during the European arrival.

East India Company

A British trading company that became influential in India during the decline of the Mughal Empire.

British Raj

The period of British rule over India before 1947, encompassing parts of modern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

Periodization of Indian History

The division of Indian history into ancient, medieval, and modern periods; earlier classifications were often flawed.

British Indian Empire

The term for India under British rule, reflecting its status as a colony.

Archaeological Sources

Historical artifacts such as monuments, inscriptions, and coins that provide insight into past cultures.

Official Records

Documents maintained by the British government that reflect administrative decisions and developments.

Primary Sources

Original documents or evidence from the period being studied, which historians analyze for historical accuracy.

Secondary Sources

Works that interpret or analyze primary sources, including biographies and commentaries.

Bengal Gazette

The first newspaper published in India, starting in 1780, providing insight into public opinion during colonial times.

Chinese Trade Refusal

China's rejection of foreign trade offers in the 16th and 17th centuries, leading to conflicts with European powers.

Opium War

The first conflict between Britain and China (1839-42) over trade rights, particularly concerning opium.

Census

Surveys conducted to gather statistical data about a population, essential for administrative planning.