APUSH Final Exam Study Guide

Corn and the Mexica People (Period 1)

The Aztecs; corn main crop, mexica people in it. Main people in empire: Aztecs. Main corp in empire: corn

Columbian Exchange (Period 1)

Diseases, food (animals and crops), people (colonizers and slaves) Period of demographic, economic, and diseases between New World and Old World.

Dominated Early Colonization, racial hierarchy (What two European powers dominated colonization and started racial hierarchy?) (Period 1)

Spain and Portugal

Treatment of native peoples (What was the discourse of the treatment of Native Americans in the New World? [debate between theologians and philosophers]) (Period 1)

Were they people? Should they bring them into Catholicism? Should they enslave them?

Jamestown (Period 1)

The long-term and viable (able to be sustained long-term) English colony. It was the first permanent settlement

France's colonial strategy (What was France's unique strategy [know all the other strategies of the other the colonizers too]) (Period 2)

Wanted to befriend/cooperation with the Native Americans, wanted to do fur-trading

English Middle Colonies (Comparing the Middle Colonies to the other colonies of the 13) (Period 2)

Very diverse (religion and ethnicity)

Triangle Trade (What are each kind of point in the triangle trade providing?) (Period 2)

North + South America providing: Raw goods/materials (sugar, cash crops, fur, gold, silver). Africa: people/slaves/workforce. Europe: manufactured goods

King Philip's War (What were the results of the war?) (Period 2)

Fought in New England between Native Americans and New England colonists (New England wins). Results: The destruction/removal of Native presence in New England

The First Great Awakening (What is the 1st Great Awakening and what makes it different from the 2nd Great Awakening?) (Period 2)

Mid-1700s, religious renewal of protestantism, focused on personal salvation, united all the colonies

Raised Taxes on the American Colonists (Period 3)

England was in a massive debt after the French and Indian War (was seen as beneficial to the colonists). It would be fair to have equal tax increase (like if would not make sense to raise taxes in England for the war if the war was fought in US)

Common Sense (Period 3)

Written by Thomas Paine. Supported American Independence

Shay's Rebellion (Period 3)

A rebellion that showed that the United States needed to revise the Articles of Confederation (because the government was too weak to unite a military to stop the rebellion)

The Great Compromise (Period 3)

Established a bicameral legislature (split Congress into two; Senate [equal representative for all] and House of Representatives [representation based on population]) to settle the disputes between the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan

Marbury v. Madison (Period 3)

A Supreme Court case that established judicial review

The Era of Good Feelings (Period 4)

Caused by the election of 1800 (Jefferson won), Federalist party collapses and there is only one party (Democratic Republican ?) that really has a lot of power (lasts until the election of Andrew Jackson)

Cotton Kingdom (Period 4)

Nickname for the South. Cotton became the core element of their economy and they produced a massive amount of it (becomes absolutely reliant on the cotton industry)

Nullification Crisis (Period 4)

South Carolina claims that we can nullify federal law as protest against Andrew Jackson's tariffs

Abolitionist Movement (What political movement in the north sought the end of slavery?) (Period 4)

Movement concerned with the abolition of slavery in the United States

The Second Great Awakening (Period 4)

Led to the Social Gospel and the foundation of the Mormons (Church of the Latter Day States [will have a question on this])

Mexican-American War (Ideas that led to the Mexican American War) (Period 5)

Manifest Destiny (desires for westward expansion)

End of the Second Political Party System (What was the major political issue that led to the ending of the second political party system?) (Period 5)

Slavery

Dred Scott v. Stanford (What does this court case say about citizenship in regards to slavery?) (Period 5)

Slaves were not and could not become citizens.

Attack of Ft. Sumter (What was this attack the beginning of?) (Period 5)

Marked the beginning of the American Civil War

Freemen's Bureau (When was the Freemen's Bureau around and what was its goal?) (Period 5)

Was around during the Reconstruction Era and its goal was to assimilate former slaves into American society

AFL and Knights of Labor (These are early examples of what?) (Period 6)

Labor Unions/Trade Unions

Negative effects of the Transcontinental Railroad (What are three negative effects of the Transcontinental Railroad?) (Period 6)

1) Decimation of the buffalo population. 2) Led to more conflicts and further displacement of Native Americans. 3) Poor working conditions, particularly amongst immigrants

Gilded Age (What is the Gilded Age defined by?) (Period 6)

Corruption, capitalism, and political polarization

Plessey v. Ferguson (Said what was constitutional?) (Period 6)

Segregation (separate but equal)

Urbanization (What is the definition?) (Period 6)

Mass migration into cities, typically for industrial jobs

American Imperialism (What conflict is seen as the peak of American Imperialism?) (Period 7)

Events include Spanish-American War and the construction of the Panama Canal

Woodrow Wilson (He was president during what war?) (Period 7)

WW1

Prohibition (What sort of movement or group of people started the push for prohibition?) (Period 7)

Promoted by women due to the social effects of alcohol. Became amendment of the Constitution

The New Deal (What was the biggest complaint or fear for the reason to be against the New Deal?) (Period 7)

Critics thought it expanded federal power too much

The Atlantic Charter (This was an agreement between who and who for their goals after what event?) (Period 7)

It was between the US and Great Britain about their goals after World War 2

Events of the Cold War [List the events of the Cold War (be able to say which one is from the Cold War]) (Period 8)

Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, Korean War, Iron Curtain, Space Race, Berlin Airlift/Blockade

The Selma Campaign (Who organized it?) (Period 8)

NAACP

The Warren Court (This court is known for passing things related about what two things?) (Period 8)

Civil Rights and Social Justice

The Great Society (What is the definition of the Great Society?) (Period 8)

Led under and pushed by Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ). Helped to improve social welfare, the environment, healthcare, education, and American cities

Stagflation (What is the definition and what did it lead to?) (Period 8)

It is the combination of high inflation and low growth. Led to Americans voting more conservatively.