Urbanisation and Population Management Lecture Notes

This set covers key vocabulary and case study facts regarding urbanisation in HICs, LICs, and NEEs, specifically focusing on Mumbai and population policies in China and Russia.

Urban

A built up area (eg town or city).

Rural

A sparsely populated area.

Urbanisation

The movement of people from rural to urban areas.

Urban growth

The increase in land area covered by towns and cities.

Urbanisation in LICs and NEEs is occurring…

this is because…

For exampl

Industrialisation

The growth of manufacturing and factories; the primary cause of urbanisation in HICs during the 18 and 19 Centuries.

Megacity

A city with a population of more than $10$ million; the number grew from 3 in 1970 to 37 by 2021.

Squatter settlements

Poor quality housing on the outskirts of a city made of wood, cardboard, metal, and plastic sheeting where people live because they cannot afford homes.

Dharavi

An example of a squatter settlement in Mumbai that is home to 1 million people.

Waterborne diseases

Illnesses such as typhoid, cholera, and dysentery caused by drinking from rivers polluted with sewage; they account for $83\%$ of diseases in Mumbai.

Mithi River

A heavily polluted river in Mumbai where 800 litres of sewage and industrial waste from factories and the airport are dumped daily.

Maharashtra

The state on the western coast of India where Mumbai is located.

Mumbai population density

$44,500\,\text{ppl/km}^2$, which is 8 times higher than the density of London.

Natural increase

A cause of population growth that occurs when birth rates are higher than death rates.

Sanitation project

An urban planning solution in Mumbai that built over 300 community toilet blocks with separate facilities for men and women to improve living standards.

Electrification project

An aid project providing 10,000 people living in slums with new or upgraded electricity connections to replace expensive and dangerous bottled gas.

Resettlement scheme

A solution to poor quality housing where slum residents are relocated to new areas with strong-walled homes, sanitation systems, and electricity.

One child policy

A policy introduced by China in 1979 to slow down a population growth rate of $2.8\%$, using incentives like free childcare.

Day of Conception

A policy introduced by Russia in 2006 to increase a low birth rate ($-0.2\%$) by offering money and prizes to women for having more than one child.