Gs Semester 1

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and their definitions from the GS201 course on Development Issues, providing a comprehensive study aid for understanding critical concepts.

Mobility

The movement of people and goods from place to place, in a reasonable amount of time and at an acceptable cost.

Modes of transportation

The types of transport used to facilitate the movement of people or goods from one place to another.

Private Transport

Transport owned by individuals, such as motorcycles and cars.

Public Transport

Transport provided by the government or private companies, such as buses, trains, and taxis.

Transport Infrastructure

Facilities such as roads, railway tracks, and bus terminals.

Traffic congestion

A situation where there are more vehicles than the road can handle.

Peak hour

A part of the day during which traffic volume is the highest.

Commute

To travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis.

Transport services

Services provided to move people and goods from one location to another.

Productivity

The rate at which goods or services are produced.

Mental health

A person's psychological state as indicated by his or her emotions and behavior.

Smog

A combination of smoke and fog, caused by exhaust and particles from cars and factories.

Integrated public transport system

A public transport system that connects various modes of transportation such that it functions as a whole.

Road Pricing

A traffic management measure that charges drivers when they use certain roads.

Carpooling

A group of people travelling together to work, school or other locations in one car and sharing the cost.

Floods

Overflows of large amounts of water onto land that is normally dry.

Rainfall

Droplets of water that fall to the ground.

Snowmelt

Surface runoff that results from melting snow.

Storm surge

A sudden rise of the sea level in which water is piled up against a coastline beyond normal high-tide conditions.

Permeability

The ease with which water can infiltrate or seep into the ground.

Channel capacity

The volume of water that can be held in the channel of a river or canal without overflowing.

Social Impacts

The effect of an event on the well-being of people.

Economic impacts

The effect of an event on goods and services being produced, sold, and bought.

Regulation

A rule or law enforced by an authority that states how something should be done.

Zoning

A way in which a government plans the physical development of land and its uses.

Minimum platform level

The minimum ground level for development.

Levees

Raised river banks which can be natural or man-made.

Floodwalls

Man-made structures against floods made of concrete.

Channel Improvement

Changes made to the river channel or canal to increase its capacity to hold water or to enable the water to flow quickly.

Industry

Any form of economic activity to make money.

Primary Industries

Industries that are directly involved with natural resources.

Secondary Industries

Industries that are involved in processing and transforming raw materials obtained from primary industries or that of packaging manufactured goods.

Tertiary industries

Industries that involve selling and exchanging goods and services.

Quaternary industries

Industries that are involved in handling and processing information and knowledge.

Capital-intensive industries

Industries that require large sums of money to be invested in machines, technology and skilled labor to set up the business and to improve productivity.

Labour-intensive industries

Industries where a large number of workers is employed to manufacture products.

Heavy industries

Industries that use bulky machinery and large quantities of raw materials to produce large and heavy goods.

Light industries

Industries that use few raw materials to produce relatively lightweight goods.

Industrialization

The process whereby machine-assisted production of goods develops greater importance in an economy or country.

Communication

The transmission of information from one individual or group to another.

Competitive advantage

A gain obtained from locating an industry in a new location.

Outsourcing

Occurs when parts of the production process are contracted out to another company.

Space shrinking technology

Technology that has helped to reduce the time taken to travel, transport raw materials and products or communicate between countries.

Free Trade Zones (FTZS)

Industrial areas where infrastructure is built and government requirements are lowered to attract foreign companies.

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

Industrial areas similar to FTZS, but where the economic laws are more flexible than the typical laws of the country.

Trend of Transference

The movement of large-scale manufacturing activities from developed countries (DCs) to less developed countries (LDCs).

Tourists

People travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for more than 24 hours but not more than one consecutive year.

International tourism

Refers to tourism outside a tourist's own country.

Domestic tourism

Refers to tourism within a tourist's own country.

Honeypot tourism

Tourism that attracts large numbers of people due to a site's scenic beauty.

MICE

Acronym for meetings, incentives, conventions, and events.

Educational tourism

When people travel to a place for educational purposes.

Medical tourism

When people travel to a destination to undergo medical procedures.

Health tourism

When people travel to a destination to maintain, enhance or restore their minds and bodies.

Heritage tourism

Travel to experience different cultures and to understand the history of places better.

Film-induced tourism

Travel to see locations featured in films.

Pilgrimage tourism

Travel to take part in a religious activity.

Dark tourism

Tourism that involves travelling to sites associated with death and tragedy.

Space tourism

Travel beyond the Earth's atmosphere into space.

Mass Tourism

Travel that involves large numbers of tourists visiting a particular place together.

Package holidays

Tours usually arranged by a travel agent that include transportation, accommodation and most meals.

Niche tourism

Special-interest tourism based on a particular area, interest or activity.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and benefits local people.

Short-haul destinations

Destinations that are a short distance away from the tourist's home country.

Long-haul destinations

Destinations that are a long distance away from the tourist's home country.

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge to develop machines, equipment, and ways of doing things.

Budget airlines

Airlines with low fares.

Disposable income

The amount of income left to an individual after taxes have been paid.

Changing lifestyle

The change in the way people live throughout their lifetime from generation to generation.

Core

A region that has a high concentration of people, wealth, and a high standard of living.

Periphery

A region that has a low concentration of people, little wealth and a low standard of living.

Human Development Index (HDI)

An index that measures the development of a country based on economic well-being, health and education standards.

Infant mortality rate

The rate at which the number of babies less than a year of age dies, for every 1000 live births, in a year.

Literacy rate

The percentage of adults in a country who can read and write.

Cumulative causation

A process where economic activities lead to an increase in wealth in the core due to the movement of resources from the periphery.

Multiplier effect

Occurs when the initial development in the core results in benefits that drive further development.

Backwash effect

Involves a flow of labor and resources from the periphery to the core.

Conflict

A state of disagreement between two or more parties that may result in violence.