History - warfare through time - Fact test 1

King of england in 1250

Henry III

Ratio of infantry to cavalry

2:1

What percent did the upper nobility make of the cavalry

30%

What battle did Sir Roger Bassett fight in

Falkirk, 1298

Size of a nobelman’s group of men

25

Battle of Lewes

1264

Weapons of cavalry in 1250

Lances, spears, swords

Weapons of infantry in 1250

Brown bills (poles with broad blades), pikes, bows

How far could bows fire in 1250

100m

Protection for cavalry in 1250

Chainmail garments (hauberks), metal helmets

Protection for the infantry in 1250

Padded linen jackets called gambesons, short mail shirts, skull caps

Definition of strategy

Overall plan used to achieve your objectives

Three types of military strategy

Limited warfare, castles, guerrilla warfare

Battle of Evesham

1265

What castle did Henry’s enemies take refuge in in Warwickshire

Kenilworth castle

Definition of tactis

The way commanders use their forces to get the upper hand

Who placed his army on a hill at the battle of lewes (1264)

Simon de Montfort

Two types of cavalry tactics

Mounted charge, rout and chase

Who’s cavalry attcked Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Lewes

Prince Edward

Three infantry tactics

Shield wall, archers, the melee

What was the hand to hand fighting

Melee

How long was knight service

40 days

What did the assize of arms state

All men with land worth 15 pounds had to supply with a mounted knight, a horse, a hauberk, sword and iron helmet

What was scutage

The money paid to the king to pay for cavalry to fight alongside feudal troops, instead of giving military service

What were the paid troops called

Mercenaries

How much did captains charge per day for mounted knights/men at arms

2 shillings for knights, 1 for men at arms

Term for the code of conduct adopted by medieval knights

Chivalry

Plunder:

stealing money and goods from bodies or houses

Hundred years war:

1337-1453

Wars of the roses:

1455-1485

Which Henry led an army at the battle of lewes

Henry III

Which henry led an army at the battle of agincourt, and when was it, how big was it

Henry V, 1415, 8000

What richard led an army at the Battle of Bosworth, and when was it, how big was it

Richard III, 1485, 12000

Term for short raids on horseback by small armies

Chevauchees

Which Edward was at the battle of falkirk (1298)

Edward I

What were schiltrons

Pikemen forming big circles or squares of 2000 men, a defensive formation

Battle of stirling bridge

1297

Battle of bannockburn

1314

Rate of fire of longbows

10-15 arrows a minute

Distance of longbows

200m

Battle of Poitiers

1356

How many arrows did the English longbws launch at the french cavalry in one minute at the Battle of Poitiers. How many knights in the french army were kiled as a result

60 000. 40%

Battle of duplin moor

13332

Ratio of infantry to cavalry by 1400

3:1

Range of cannons in 1320

100yds

2 reasons for cannons improving

Trunnions - rods that allowed barrel to be lifted.

Barrels became longer than the diameter

Also mortars were introduced for higher walls

Battle of castillon

1453

How did cavalry tactics change

-dismounted in battle

-chased fleeing troops

-foraged for food

Disadvantages of feudal troops

-King could only call upon 5000

-only required for 40 days

-quality was unreliable

Array of arms:

When commissioners of array mustered men 16-60

Who was the son of Henry III

Edward I

What was an indenture

A contract that a king entered with a captain who could provide troops

Battle of crecy

1346

Who supplied king edward III with 300 men at arms and 600 archers

Thomas Dagworth

How did the % of cavalry that were nobles change from 1250 to 1375

from 30% to 5%

Who besieged the french town of Rouen in 1418-19

Henry V

Who began the scottish uprising for the battle of falkirk

William wallace

How many scots fought at stirling bridge

6000

By feb 1298, how many troops gathered, commanded by the early of surray

21000

Three castles that Edward captured when he marched north

-Dalhousie

-Dirleton

-Tantalion

Day, month, year of falkirk

22 July 1298

Number of cavalry, infantry, archers and crossbowmen in english army

2000 cav, 12000 inf, 5000 arch, 500 cross

Number of cavalry, infantry, archers in scottish army

500 cav, 9500 inf, 1500 arch

Two things the cavalry attack did for the english at falkirk

-got scottish cavalry off the field

-charged between scottsih archers and schiltrons

2 reasons wallace lost

-failed to protect flanks

-cavalry and archers played no part in the battle

Who was the brother of Henry V

Duke of Clarence

Who was the cousin of Henry V

Duke of York

When did henry V land in france, what port did he seize

Aug 1415, Harfleur

Amount of troops henry had at agincourt

8000, 2000 men at arms, 6000 archers

amount of troops french army had at agincourt

15000, 10000 armoured cav, 5000 inf

Exact date of agincourt

25 oct 1415

what was galling

archers in trees firing at french lines

How did henry make his position good at agincourt

-in a narrow gap between woods

-archers placed on flanks

-stakes were hammered into the ground infront

Why did henry win

french knights lost discipline, french infantry was exhausted from the mud, longbow archers fired onto the french

How many arrows a minute could english longbows fire

100 000