urology: the urinary and male reproductive systems

nephron

the basic working unit of the kidney

glomerulus

blood passes through the kidneys into a cluster of blood vessels known as this

renal pelvis

a basin where liquid waste from the tubes after being filtered by the glomerulus are dumped

ureters

long vessels from each kidney drain the renal pelvis collecting areas into the bladder

bladder

large holding bag for urine

urethra

the tube where urine is excreted out of the body

golmerul/o

glomerulus

nepr/o

kidney

ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ur/o, urin/o

urine

lith/o

stone

cyst/o

bladder

vesic/o

bladder

urethr/o

urethra

ureter/o

ureter

meat/o

opening

testicles

produce testosterone and sperm

epididymis

stores sperm

vas deferens

during intercourse sperm is transferred out of the epididymis via these ducts

seminal vesicles & prostate gland

makes carrier fluid

scrotum

holds testicles in place

balan/o

glans penis (tip of the penis)

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testicle

test/o, testicul/o

testicle

prostat/o

prostate

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

sperm

dysuria

pain with urination

renal colic

severe kidney pain that comes in waves

renal colic

a symptom that’s a good indicator of a kidney stone

enuresis

incontinence (inability to hold urine in)

polyurnia

urinating too much

oliguria

not urinating enough

hematuria

blood in the urine

pyuria

pus in the urine

priapism

painful and prolonged erection

balanorrhrea

penile discharge

urethrorrhea

penile discharge

cystoplegia

bladder paralysis

nocturia

nighttime urination

edema

swelling

suprapubic tenderness

pain in the lower abdomen (sign of bladder inflammation)

costovertebral angle

pain in the lower back (sign of kidney infection)

meatal stenosis

urethra hole is too small

hypospadias

urethra is in the wrong position

urethral meatus

urethra (where urine comes out)

ureterostenosis

narrowing of the ureter

nephropathy

kidney problems

vesicoureteral reflux

urine flows back toward the kidneys from the bladder

testicular torsion

testicles become twisted and cut off blood supply to the testicle

diuretic

helps allow patient to pee more

antidiuretic

helps patient pee less

antispasmodic

when urinary control is a problem due to twitching of the muscle that holds back urine flow

catheterization

small tube inserted into the bladder to help with bladder control

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

ESWL

extracorporeal shock lithotripsy

HD

hemodialysis

I&O

input and output

IVP

intravenous urogram

KUB

kidneys, ureters, bladder

OAB

overactive bladder

PKD

polycystic kidney disease

RP

retrograde pyelgram

SUI

stress urinary incontinence

UA

urinalysis

UTI

urinary tract infection

VCUG

voiding cystourethrogram

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

BPH

benign prostate hyperplasia

DRE

digital rectal exam

ED

erectile dysfuction

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HPV

human papilloma virus

HSV

herpes simplex virus

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

STD/STI

sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate