UKY PSY 302 Exam 3

Type A characteristic tied to heart problems

hostility

Hardiness

resilliance; interpret events as less stressful

2 main kinds of sources of stress

loss & change

quantiative work overload

too much to do in the time avilable

qualitative work overload

work that is too difficult

role ambiguity

unsure what one’s job responsibilities are

role conflict

disparity between job demands and personal standards

workplace telepressure

needing to constantly check and respond to messages when off the clock.

daily hassels

minor events (coworkers, weight, sleep, minor illnesses)

daily hassels vs. major life events

may be more stressful than major life events; we expect major life events but are constantly bothered by unexpected daily hassles.

type of profession with the highest rate of burnout

helping professions

workaholic

addicted to jobs

work enthusiast

healthy love of job

best organizational technique to deal with stress

social support

number of close relationships needed for beneficialy effects of stress reduction

one

EAP (employee assistance programs)

stress intervention

wellness centers

stress prevention

2 primary functions of teams

instrumental & socioemotional

instrumental function of team

accomplish tasks one can’t attain alone.

socioemotional function of teams

experiencing belonging, love.

roles

expectations based on one’s position (leader, support staff, coordinator, etc.)

norms

unwritten rules; shared group expectations. enforced by positive reinforcement and or punishment.

how to reduce social loafing

assign responsibility

best general approach to reduce conflict

move toward conflict

legitimate power

power due to one’s role

referent power

positive feelings (respect, admiration) for others.

8 successful leader’s traits

good listener, cognitive skills, creativity, assertiveness/confidence, self-awareness, emotional stability, honest/credibility, time management skills.

what is believed to be the most important leader trait

good listener

fear of success

career success not worth personal costs

the biggest flaw of unsuccessful leaders

poor people skills

% of C-suite jobs held by women

25%

main reason why diverse and inclusive companies do better than others

better decision making (more creative, more innovative)

the group most negatively impavcted by non-inclusive workplaces

women of color

theory x

dominant through 1950s; workers are not too smart, lazy, self-interested, resistant to change.

theory y

more recent approach; workers are motivated, care about organization, full of potential, want changed.

3 parts of heat

air temperature, HUMIDITY, and airflow

the physicaly working condition that leads to the most negative effects

noise

type of effect when multiple negative physical working conditions are present.

additive effects

which category of employees is most successful

givers

3 parts of brand creation

distinctiveness, relevance, flexibility

benefits of brands

• may recieve psychological rewards

• know what you’re buying/looking for

• helps evaluate product quality

• easier to introduce a new product

brand cannibalization

brand extentions compete directly with own parent brands

% of products that are generic

less then 1%

the main need ads appeal to

60% are for affiliation

amount of product price that goes to container’s cost

1/3 of price

satisfiers

high standards for what they want, buy goods that meet criteria, stop looking, feel good.

maximizers

must have the best, may not buy goods that meet criteria, always look for something better, frequent buyer’s remorse.

sick building phenonemnon

At times, only a few sensitive individuals will exhibit symptoms, but it is not unusual for most of the individuals in an office to become ill, leading to this.

bullying

a repeated pattern of abusive behavior directed toward someone over time.

mobbing

 bullying in the workplace can involve multiple actors targeting a single person

respites

a break that allows one to psychologically detach from or forget about work.

process loss in work groups

All the time and effort expended on activities not directly related to production or task accomplishment

social facilitation

perfomance is improved

social inhibition

performance is decreased

group think

a phenomenon that can occur when groups make decisions that individual members know are poor ones. 

quality circles

are groups of employees who meet periodically to discuss problems and propose solutions relevant to their jobs

cadre subordinates

consists of subordinates who are trusted and influential members of the work group.

hired hand subordinates

subordinates who are supervised with a directive style and are given little input into decisions.

transformational leaders

one who leads by inspiring others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and values so they adopt high goals and strive to achieve them

3 types of moral leaders

authentic, ethical, servant

glass ceiling

symbolizes women’s difficult in getting beyond the lower levels of management

purpose of a T-group

an intervention designed to enhance the communication and interpersonal skills of individual employees through the use of specific group exercises.