Ach and Glu

what is myasthenia gravis?

weakness is muscles in eyes and face & eyelids (caused by antibodies against Ach receptors)

how is myasthenia gravis treated?

cholinesterase inhibitors

what are the 2 things used in recycling Ach?

choline acetyl-transferase, choline transporter (acetyl cholinesterase)

what are the agonist and antagonist to nicotinic Ach receptors?

agonist- nicotine (varenicline) antagonist- curare

what are the agonist and antagonist to musacrinic Ach receptors?

agonist- musacrine (arecoline) , antagonist- atropine /scopolamine

what are the subunits of a muscle nicotinic receptor?

(a1)2 (b1) (y) (E/ guy w a hat)

what are the subunits of the 2 neuronal nicotinic receptors?

(a4)2 (b2)3 or (a7)5

what are the 2 ways glutamate is produced?

glutamine (glutaminase) -> glutamate

aspartate (transaminase) -> glutamate

how do glia recycle glutamate?

pumped in via GLT-1, GLAST and EAAC (glutamine sythestase (to glutamine))

pumped out via SN1

what is ketamine an antagonist of?

NMDAR

what are the diff types of glu receptors?

AMPAR, NMDAR, KAR, orphan

what are the subunits of NMDARs?

2 GluN1, 2 GluN2 (unconventional have GluN3 - triheteromeric)

what are the subunits involved in STP2?

2B & 2D

what are the subunits involved in LTP?

2A & 2B

what can inhibit LTP?

Ro (2B antagonist)

what effects does APV have on NMDARs?

blocks subunit GluN2A

what does Perampanel affect?

AMPARs (and their f-EPSP) (no effect on kainate, NMDAR, mossy fibres)

what is the affects of NBQX?

on AMPAR & kainate (stops AMPAR mediated f-EPSP)

2A

2B

what GluN subunits don’t really appear until later in development?

2A, 2C

what GluN subunits appear early in development and fade a little?

2B, 2D (D basically absent)

what is the subunit makeup of the GluNR that is purely excited by glycine?

GluN1/GluN3

what does CTZ do?

prolongues LTP (AMPARs)

what does physostigmine do?

inhibits AchE

define pharmacodynamics

time coarse of the effect of a drug (what it does)

define pharmacokinetics?

the time coarse of the drug in the body (what the body does to the drug)

define absorption

the disappearance of a drug from its site of administration

define bioavailability

systemically availability freaction of a drug

define clearance

volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit of time