Plant Genetics

Final Assessment

(n) Allele Hardy-Weinberg equation:

p (A) + q (a) = 1

(2n) Genotypes Hardy-Weinberg equation:

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Which of the following are assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

mating is random

This term describes a region of the genome carrying the gene(s) associated with variation for a quantitative trait

quantitative trait locus (QTL)

This term describes the selection of a phenotype based on a molecular marker genotype

marker-assisted selection

Which term describes a collection of inter-mating individuals of the same species in the same geographical area

population

Genetic drift is most extreme in:

small populations

Reproduction between plants that flower at similar times is an example of

assortative mating

The ultimate fate of an allele in a population is

loss or fixation

Which term describes the random fluctuations of allele frequencies across generations?

genetic drift

Which type of selection favors one extreme of the phenotypic distribution?

directional selection

What type of selection favors both extremes of the phenotypic distribution?

balancing selection

Which type of selection favors the mean of the phenotypic distribution?

stabilizing selection

When two alleles in a population are statistically associated, or found together more often than by chance, they are said to be in:

linkage disequilibrium

What term best describes an individual’s pattern of molecular marker alleles across a chromosome interval

haplotype

This disease resistance reaction involves programmed cell death around the site of infection to wall off the invading pathogen

hypersensitive response

Perception of pathogen factors on the interior of cells is part of:

effector triggered immunity

What is the chemical signal secreted by plant roots that is perceived by Rhizobium bacteria

flavenoids

What is the chemical signal secreted by Rhizobium bacteria that is perceived by plant roots to induce colonization of the roots by the bacterium

nod factors

Which gene pool is being accessed when a modern hexaploid wheat variety (Triticum aestivum) is crossed with a hexaploid wheat landrace (T. aestivum) to transfer alleles conferring drought tolerance

primary gene pool

Which gene pool is being accessed when a modern soybean variety (Glycine max) is crossed with a wild soybean species (Glycine sojae) to transfer alleles conferring disease resistance. The cross is between two different species, but progeny are recovered easily

secondary gene pool