chapter 18 ap world

Although tobacco was a New World plant long used by Amerindians

it was originally from Turkey.
Europeans attempted to outlaw its use in America.
it was Europeans who began growing the crop on large plantations.
it never became popular in Europe because of its unhealthy effects.
European diseases made the plant extinct.

The expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies required
an increase in arable land.
government consultants to oversee farming.
a sharp increase in the African slave trade.
the creation of new markets among the Amerindians.
new fertilizers and seeds.

c

In the seventeenth-century Caribbean

indentured servants cost as slaves for cash-short tobacco producers.
four times as much
half as much
approximately the same
twice as much
three times as much

In addition to being half as expensive as slaves

indentured servants only served three to four years while slaves

Where would slave children most likely be found working?
Children were exempt from labor.
tending to livestock.
In the cane processing factories.
in "grass gangs" doing simple

lighter work.
With their parents.

On most islands

the percentage of slaves in the population was
75 percent.
20 percent.
35 percent.
55 percent.
90 percent.

In the eighteenth century

West Indian plantations were controlled by a plantocracy

Men outnumbered women on Caribbean plantations because
women were more susceptible to disease than men.
twice as many men were imported.
men lived much longer than women.
women were not as strong as men.
women refused to consent to plantation work.

b

Life expectancy for nineteenth-century Brazilian male slaves was
39 years.
65 years.
23 years.
50 years.
10 years.

c

The maroon community that first signed treaties recognizing their independent status as runaway slaves was
Haitian
Guianese
Dominican
Jamaican.
Belize.

d

Mercantilism is
the recognition by the state that all individuals have economic rights.
the belief in a completely free-market economy.
another name for capitalism.
a government policy that protects trade in return for the accumulation of gold and silver.
the political doctrine that only people who produce economic wealth may vote.

d

The English Navigation Acts in the 1660s were meant to
confine trade within its colonies to English ships and cargoes.
put a tariff on English goods.
restrict the English slave trade.
encourage free trade.
restrict the English shipping industry.

a

While the British system of mercantilism was defined by the Navigation Acts

the French system used laws known as:
cose nostra
Exclusif
Entrepôt
les Tariffs
qu'elle domage

The "clockwise" network of trade in the Atlantic was known as the
Reverse Option Market.
Continental Trade Route.
Atlantic Circuit.
Robinson Route.
European Circuit.

c

The second leg of the Atlantic Circuit

transporting slaves across the Atlantic to plantation colonies

The African state most dependent on the slave trade was
Kush.
Dahomey.
Asante.
Elmina.
Oyo.

b

Most slaves taken from Africa were
political opponents.
prisoners of war.
criminals.
Muslims.
kidnapped.

b

In 1453

the Ottoman armies attacked Constantinople and brought an end to
Byzantine rule.
Mongol rule.
Roman rule.
Egyptian rule.
Arab rule.

The sultan

also know as "The Lawgiver

A new fourteenth-century Ottoman military elite was Christian prisoners of war

called
Lollards.
Mamluks.
Janissaries.
Knights of the Cross.
Caspian slaves.

The devshirme system involved
child agricultural labor.
the forced conversion of Islamic children for military service.
taking Christian children from the Balkans for Ottoman government and military service.
the strict segregation of children of different genders.
female infanticide.

c

Which European city did the Ottomans try

and fail

Following a familiar principle in empires

the Ottomans made sure to appeal to the military with
provincial administrative posts.
freedom to travel without restrictions.
land in exchange for service.
tax exemptions.
first pick of slaves conquered in war.

In governing his "flock" or raya

the sultan saw himself as
providing justice and military protection.
providing equality to all citizens.
providing equality to the sexes.
providing intellectual and scholastic leadership.
being the model of meekness and passivity.

The chief source of Ottoman inflation in the sixteenth century was
widespread opium addiction.
uncontrolled spending by the nobles.
an influx of cheap silver from the Americas.
poor tax-collecting policies.
uncontrolled military spending.

c

The area devastated by revolts resulting in significant emigration and decreased agricultural production in the Ottoman Empire between 1590-1619 was
Adan
Anatolia
Istanbul
Izmir
the Balkans

c

The trading of coffee from this port became the rage in the fifteenth century.
Mocha
Zanzibar
Istanbul
Malacca
Venice

a

The "tulip period" in the Ottoman Empire was one in which Ottomans:
had the red tulip as the official insignia of the Janissary corps
achieved domination in trade over Venice as the sole exporters of tulip bulbs from Istanbul.
made an alliance with the Dutch at the expense of all other western European trade.
traded with Holland for tulips and clogs
emulated western European fashions

e

By the mid-17th century

Iran was producing which staple crop instead of importing it from Mughal India?
tea
tobacco
rice
coffee
cotton

he Ottomans' chief rival in Iran was the
Mughal Empire.
Safavid Empire.
Uighur Empire.
Persian Empire.
Saranid Empire.

b

One difference between the Ottoman and Iranian states was that the Ottoman state was based on Sunnism and that the Iranian state was based on
Sikhism.
Zoroastrianism
Shi'ism.
Kharijism.
Sufism.

c

Iran became most closely associated with the manufacture of which item?
Porcelain
Carpets
Camel saddles
Silk
Coffee

b

The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was
heavily influenced by the Chinese.
still controlled by the Mongols.
a democracy.
not very warlike.
a Hindu land ruled by a Muslim minority

e

The founder of the Mughal Empire was
Babur.
Mehmed.
Ali.
Akbar.
Nanak.

a

Mughal is Persian for
interloper.
infidel.
conquerors.
Mamluk.
Mongol.

e

Extensive migration in the East African lake region and Kenyan highlands was due to
the influx of Islam.
long-lasting drought conditions.
attacks by Portuguese and English explorers.
internecine wars.
the beginning of the slave trade in those areas.

b

What European country conquered the East African port cities?
France
Spain
England
Portugal
The Netherlands

d

The Japanese called their warriors
daimyo.
danzaemon.
renmin.
samurai.
yujo.

d

In 1592

after years of civil war

After the period of civil wars ended in Japan

China invaded Japan.
Japanese leaders established the Tokugawa Shogunate

The main form of economic exchange between the lords and their followers in the Tokugawa Shogunate was
stock options.
political power.
cash.
rice.
land.

d

Which Japanese city emerged as one of the world's most populous centers of trade by the late 17th century?
Honshu
Kyoto
Osaka
Edo
Nagasaki

d

The term "Dutch studies" referred to
the requirement by the Emperor that Christian missionaries must learn Japanese as the Dutch had done.
a partnership between Japanese merchants and the VOC for trading of porcelain.
a learning curve as the Dutch traders attacked the technologically inferior Japanese

who adapted their technology to overthrow the merchants later.
a period in Japanese history that corresponded to the "tulip period" of the Safavid empire.
Japanese who learned about European weapons

The Japanese response to Francis Xavier and the Society of Jesus (or the Jesuits) was
to officially welcome it with open arms.
to blend Shinto

Buddhist

while some were opposed to it

others were attracted.

A ronin was
a Buddhist monk.
a masterless follower who had lost his samurai.
an elite minister of the shogun.
a moneylender.
a merchant.

b

Merchants from which country were the first to arrive in East Asia?
Italy
Spain
England
Portugal
Holland

d

Why did the Jesuits succeed more than other Christianizing organizations in China?
Jesuits focused on the intellectual and political elite
Jesuits focused on the merchants
Jesuits used syncretism to promote Buddhism as a parallel of Christianity.
Jesuits were banned from China.
Jesuits focused on conversion of the bottom of society.

a

Enclosure was
a process of closing off rivers for waterpower in factories.
closing factory doors at working time and not opening them again until closing.
a closed emigration policy.
maintaining private garden plots for personal use.
restriction of common agricultural land.

e

In the cool and humid regions of Europe

what new crop contributed to the agricultural revolution?
Rice
Wheat
The potato
The tomato
The soybean

The most profitable item in international trade in the 18th century was:
Slaves
Sugar
Coal
Corn
Cotton

b

New forms of energy were important for industrialization

such as
wind and water energy.
hydroelectric power.
horse power.
the steam engine and electricity.
gas turbine engines.

"Division of labor" in mass production manufacturing means
having the worker make the entire product.
using "division" as well as other mathematical functions.
dividing the labor unions in order to weaken them.
dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.
dividing the work force into capitalists and communists.

d

The pottery industry in England became successful by utilizing the method of
mass production
the putting out system.
the factory system
mechanization.
gendered labor practices.

a

England began importing raw cotton and making cloth domestically
because its export was stopped by other countries.
because the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth.
because there was no other source of cheap clothing.
because it badly needed the raw material for its mills.
in order to support the southern states during the American Civil War.

b

Among the new inventions developed to weave cotton textiles was (were)
the power loom and the thread "genie."
the rotary weaving engine.
the fulling press and the iron "foot."
the spinning jenny and the water frame.
the steam engine.

d

As a result of industrialization of Britain

the most valuable crop in America was:
coal
potatoes
steel
cotton
lumbar

The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's
bicycle.
saddle.
cotton gin.
light bulb.
steam engine.

e

The cotton boom enriched planters

merchants

In The Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith proposes that the government should
carefully allocate resources to ensure their best possible use.
protect workers.
leave business alone

ap world

is hard