Digital Transformation and Information Systems

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on digital transformation, information systems, and related technologies.

Digital Transformation

The process of using digital technologies to create or modify business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market requirements.

Three Dimensions of Digitalization

1) Internal focus: optimizing internal processes for efficiency; 2) External focus: enhancing customer value through user-centered design; 3) Results dimension: improving products/services with digital features.

Cloud Computing

Technology allowing companies to store and manage data on remote servers accessed via the internet.

Information Systems

Systems that process and manage data to provide meaningful information for decision-making.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A software application used to store, manipulate, and manage data in databases, reducing complexity and redundancy.

Entity Relationship Model (ERM)

A conceptual framework to represent and structure data relationships using entities and attributes.

Cardinality

In the context of ERM, it describes the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with instances of another entity.

Business Process

A structured sequence of activities that transforms inputs into outputs to achieve a specific organizational goal.

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

A method for modeling business processes graphically, showing the flow of activities.

Decision Support System (DSS)

An information system designed to assist with decision-making processes through analysis and modeling of data.

Big Data

Large and complex datasets characterized by the 4Vs: Volume, Velocity, Variety, and Veracity.

TCP/IP Layer Model

A model defining communication protocols in layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network layers.

Supervised Learning

A machine learning approach where a model is trained on labeled data, learning to predict outcomes based on input variables.

Encryption

The process of converting plain text into a coded format using a specific algorithm and key to protect information.

Hash Function

A cryptographic function that converts data of any length into a fixed-length hash value, acting like a digital fingerprint.

Digital Signature

A cryptographic method used to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message by encrypting its hash value with the sender's private key.

Client-Server Model

A computing model distinguishing between clients, which send requests, and servers, which process requests and send responses.

Packet Switching

A method of transmitting data by dividing messages into packets that are sent independently through the network.

Augmented Reality (AR)

Technology that overlays digital information on the real world, enhancing user interaction with their environment.

Inclusive Design

Designing systems that are accessible and usable by people of all abilities, reducing barriers.