dyes and finishes

permanent finish

lasts the life of the item

durable finish

lasts but diminishes with use

temporary finish

lasts until the item is washed or dry cleaned

renewable finish

can be reapplied

applied designs

typically applied after the fabric has been woven, cheaper, could damage fabric

structural designs

permanent, woven or knitted in, more expensive

Moire finish

2 layer of unbalance pain weave pressed together

brushed

after pile has been sheared, fabric is brushed with steam to create nap

embroidered

fabric decoration by hand or machine that applies designs with thread

tufted

yarn stitched into ground fabric and secured with adhesive coating on back

pre-fiber stage

solution dyed limited to synthetic fibers

fiber stage

fabric dyed at the fiber stage, creates heather effect

yarn stage

fabric dyed at the yarn stage, used for structural designs, plaid, stripes

Fabric/ piece stage

solid color fabrics, most common, cheapest

union dyed

fabric dyed so different fibers dye the same hue

cross dyed

dye produces different color to different fibers

product/ garment stage

dyed after product has been sewn/ assembled

direct printing

color is applied directly to fabric

block printing

stamping

direct roller printing

roller engraved with the design, often many rollers used for complicated design or design with multiple colors

discharge printing

design is created by removing color from areas

screen printing

stencil is used to apply designs, often used for t-shirts

bleeding

color loss in water

crocking

color transfer to other products from rubbing

migration

color moves to adjacent areas or skin

fume fading

fading due to atmospheric pollutants

tendering

dye weakens fabric and/or sensitive to abrasion

frosting

with abrasion, white or faded areas appear on fabric, seams, or hems

out-of-register

print misses intended area