unit 9

What is globalization?

The process of intensifying interaction and exchange between people, companies, and governments worldwide.

What role did the internet play in globalization?

It allowed for the instantaneous spread of information and connected people across the globe.

What was the Green Revolution?

A period of rapid agricultural innovation involving high-yield seeds and chemical fertilizers.

How did the Green Revolution affect the global population?

It led to a massive increase in food production and helped sustain a growing population.

What was one environmental consequence of the Green Revolution?

Increased use of pesticides and fertilizers led to chemical runoff and soil depletion.

What is the significance of the shipping container?

It standardized the transport of goods, drastically lowering the cost of international trade.

How has medical technology impacted global demographics?

Vaccines and antibiotics have significantly increased life expectancy worldwide.

What is a "knowledge economy"?

An economy based on the creation and management of information rather than manufacturing.

How did petroleum and nuclear power change energy consumption?

They provided more efficient power sources but increased concerns about carbon emissions and safety.

What is global warming?

The long-term rise in Earth's average temperature caused by human-produced greenhouse gases.

What was the purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?

An international agreement aimed at reducing carbon emissions to combat climate change.

What is neoliberalism?

An economic policy favoring free markets, privatization, and reduced government spending.

Who were two major leaders associated with neoliberalism?

Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher.

What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

An international body that regulates and facilitates global trade agreements.

What is NAFTA?

A trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico that removed most tariffs between them.

What is a multinational corporation (MNC)?

A company that operates in multiple countries to take advantage of different markets and labor costs.

Identify one example of a multinational corporation.

Coca-Cola, Apple, or McDonald's.

How did the "Asian Tigers" achieve economic growth?

By focusing on export-oriented industrialization and high technology.

What was the effect of economic liberalization in China?

It allowed for private enterprise and led to China becoming a global manufacturing hub.

What is the purpose of the World Bank?

To provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development projects.

What was the "Great Recession" of 2008?

A global financial crisis triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market.

What is "global culture"?

The spread of similar ideas, tastes, and consumer products across national borders.

What is an example of the "Americanization" of culture?

The worldwide popularity of Hollywood movies and fast-food chains.

How has social media changed political movements?

It has allowed for rapid mobilization and the spread of ideas, such as during the Arab Spring.

What is Bollywood?

The Indian film industry, which represents a blend of traditional Indian and Western cinematic styles.

What is K-Pop?

A global musical genre originating in South Korea that utilizes social media for international reach.

How does Reggae music represent globalization?

It originated in Jamaica but spread globally, carrying messages of social justice.

What is the "Global North" vs. "Global South"?

A division between wealthy, industrialized nations and developing nations.

What was the purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

To establish a global standard for the basic rights of all human beings.

What is the significance of the 19th Amendment in the U.S.?

It granted women the right to vote, reflecting a global trend toward suffrage.

Who was Malala Yousafzai?

An activist who advocated for girls' education and survived an assassination attempt by the Taliban.

What is "consumerism"?

A social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods in ever-increasing amounts.

What is the United Nations (UN)?

An international organization formed after WWII to promote peace and cooperation.

What is the UN Security Council?

A group within the UN responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

What was the anti-apartheid movement?

A global effort to end racial segregation in South Africa.

Who was Nelson Mandela?

The leader of the anti-apartheid movement who became South Africa's first Black president.

What is "Greenpeace"?

An international organization that uses nonviolent action to protect the environment.

What is the "Battle of Seattle"?

A massive protest against a WTO meeting in 1999 that highlighted anti-globalization sentiment.

Why do some people oppose globalization?

Due to concerns over labor exploitation, environmental damage, and loss of local culture.

What is "Fair Trade"?

A movement that encourages consumers to pay higher prices for products to ensure fair wages for producers.

What is the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

To ensure the stability of the international monetary system and provide loans to countries in crisis.

Identify one effect of globalization on labor.

Manufacturing jobs often moved from developed nations to countries with lower labor costs.

Explain how globalization affected the 1918 Flu Pandemic vs. COVID-19.

Both spread rapidly due to global travel, but 21st-century technology allowed for faster vaccine development.

Identify one continuity in global trade since 1200.

The desire for luxury goods and raw materials continues to drive international exchange.

Explain one change in global politics after 1990.

The end of the Cold War led to a more multipolar world and the rapid expansion of global trade networks.