Microbiology Chapter 1 Exam 1

What is Microbiology?

The study of organisms that are too small to be seen without magnification

What are the different types of microorganisms?

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

• Archea

• Prions

• Protozoa

• Algae

• Helminths

What are examples of bacteria?

• E.coli

• staphylococcus aureus

What are examples of viruses?

• Sars (COVID)

• influenza

What are examples of Archea?

• Extremophiles- able to live in extreme habitats

What are examples Prions?

• Mad cow disease

What are examples of Fungi?

• yeast

• mold

What are examples of protozoa?

• plasmodium- a single cell parasitic protozoa that is like malaria

What are examples of Helminths?

• round worms

• flat worms

What are examples of Algae?

• microscopes algae

What are the properties of viruses?

• Acellular (not cells)

• consist of nucleic acid and protein

• parasitic

• require a host cell to reproduce

What are examples of processes microbes are part of

• Decomposition

• Photosynthesis

• Vitamin K production

• Making bread

• Making cheese

• Insulin production

• Biotechnology

What harm can microbes cause?

• Causes diseases

• Food spoilage

Who is Robert Hooke?

• First described cells

• Helped establish the cell theory

Who was the first to observe microorganisms and called them “animalcules”

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who is Edward Jenner?

• developed the first vaccine

• used cowpox to go against small pox

Who proposed cells arise from preexisting cells and contributed the cell theory?

Rudolf Virchow

Who is Louis Pasteur?

• disproved the “spontaneous generation”

• Supported biogenesis

• Demonstrated fermentation

• Demonstrated pasteurization

Who is Robert Koch

• Showed that bacteria causes disease

• discovered the anthrax bacterium: microscopic spores that are very contagious

• helped develop Koch’s Postulates: proving that specific microbes causes specific disease

• Helped established the germ theory

Joseph Lister

• Discovered penicillin

• First antibiotic

Who created the binomial nomenclature (genus and species) and developed classification system?

Carolus Linnaeus

Compare biogenesis and spontaneous generation?

Spontaneous generation is when life comes from nonliving matter

while biogenesis is life comes from pre-existing life

• Pasteur’s swan-neck flask supports biogenesis

What is the taxonomy order?

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

What are the three domain system?

1.) Bacteria

2.) Archaea

3.) Eukarya

What are the rules of binomial nomenclature (Scientific names)

1.) Genus capitalized

2.) Species lowercase

3.) Both italicized