Becker and deviance amplification

Becker’s Central Argument

Deviant motives do not cause behavior; instead, deviant behavior produces deviant motives over time through experience

The Learning Process (3 Stages)

1. Learning the technique. 2. Learning to perceive the effects. 3. Learning to enjoy the effects

Social Barriers (Controls)

Novices must overcome limited supply, the need for secrecy, and the definition of use as "immoral"

Symbolic Meaning of "High"

The user must learn to connect the term "high" to their physical symptoms and interpret them as pleasurable

Deviancy Amplification Spiral

A cycle where the reaction to deviance by agents (media/police) increases the behavior rather than reducing it

Role of the Media

Media exaggerates and sensationalizes information about isolated groups, leading to public moral outrage

"Paint on Their Lips" Case Study

Media and politicians labeled indigenous young people as "lawless" and "parental failures," leading to expanded police powers

Outcome of Over-Policing

Groups become more defiant and continue their behavior in public, feeding the cycle of outrage and enforcement