Intelligence & IQ Testing

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts and definitions related to intelligence and IQ testing as covered in the lecture.

Intelligence

A complex and multi-dimensional concept that lacks a universally agreed upon definition.

Boring's Definition of Intelligence

"Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure," which raises questions about what makes individuals smarter.

Sensory Capacity Theory

The idea that intelligence is linked to sensory capacities, theorized by Sir Francis Galton, but largely unsupported by further research.

Binet-Simon Test

The first intelligence test designed to measure overall thinking ability, focusing on higher mental processes.

General Intelligence (g)

A single hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people, proposed by Charles Spearman.

Specific Abilities (s)

Particular skill levels in specific domains that are unique to each intelligence test item, according to Spearman.

Fluid Intelligence

The capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and adapt to new situations, associated with creativity and analytical thinking.

Crystallized Intelligence

Accumulated knowledge and skills gained over time, based on factual and experiential learning.

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Proposed by Howard Gardner, suggesting that individuals possess different types of intelligences that are independent from one another.

Sternberg’s Triarchic Model

A model proposing three types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative.

Biological Bases of Intelligence

Research showing a correlation between brain volume and intelligence, with certain areas of the brain being associated with high IQ.

Genetic Influence on IQ

Studies showing that IQ runs in families, with genetic and environmental factors both playing roles in intellectual achievement.

Environmental Influences on IQ

Factors like childhood nutrition and educational opportunities impacting IQ scores and performance.

Cognitive Abilities and Metacognition

The awareness of one's own cognitive abilities, influencing self-assessment and confidence in intelligence.

Creativity Measurement

Creativity is often assessed through tests of divergent thinking and is weakly correlated with IQ.

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

The ability to understand and manage emotions, recognized as important for personal and professional success.

Validity of IQ Scores

Most modern IQ tests provide moderate to high correlations but do not predict success perfectly due to various influencing factors.

Intellectual Disability

Characterized by a low IQ (below 70) and problems with daily functioning, with several severity categories.

Mental Giftedness

Refers to individuals in the top 2% of IQ scores, often linked to specific professional fields.