AP TEST (unit 1)

classical texts from ancient rome/greece

renaissance inspired by

humanism

emphasized human potential with humans at center of philosophical thought

civic humanism

serve the state for good of common people

petrarch

father of humanism, questions church for bubonic plague (no one immune, lords arent special)

individualism

what is my potential?

secularism

this world could be satisfying, shift in belief from salvation to not not religious ideals

materialism

if humans can make beautiful objects through god given talent, how is that bad?

naturalism

accurate and natural depictions in art

virtu

reaching, celebrating full manly potential

architecture

domes,anything with curves common

painting

perspective a new important technique

michealangelos the david

humanism/virtu and appreciating human body

mona lisa

represents the change in way people do things, highly influencial

baroque

end of renaissance, more dramatic than mannerism

mannerism

dramatic, realistic way to paint scenes

florence

epicenter of renaissance, most wealthy city state, floren coin introduced

milan

fertile land, ruled by dukes

venice

dominated trade in mediterranean, oligarchy of merchants ruled

papal states (rome)

center of catholic church, university of bologna, renaissance still religious and controlled by church

napoles and sicily

part of kingdom of aragon in spain

da vinci

renaissance man, way ahead of his time

italien wars

italy was economically advanced by poltically divided, land fought over constantly

new monarchies

shift power away from nobility and church

northern renaissance

christian humanism, ideas spread with printing press

erasmus

christian humanis, influencial in northern renaissance

thomas moore

wrote utopia, humanist

centralizing power

collectng taxes directly and exercising more influence on religous life of subjects

star chamber

under control of king (no one knew which made it corrupt)

war of roses

after 100 years war france becomes house of york and england house of lancaster

Henry 7th

machiavellian reign, created royal council /star chamber

machiavelli

leader must be prepared to act immoraly, when necessary for the state

henry 8th

6 wives, centralized beuracracy

english reformation

henry couldnt divorce catherine of aragon bc of her ties with spain (pope didnt let him ), so henry created his own church

act of supremacy

put english monarch at head of church of england (severed ties with catholic pope)

act of treason

offense to not follow new church and speak against king

edward 2 (henrys 1st son)

protestantism grew, short rule

queen mary

restored catholicism, married philip 2 of spain to create co-monarchy

elizabeht 1st

restored anglican church, clash with purtians

book of common prayer

uniformity of worship created

trearty of tordesillas

church divides spanish and portugese explorartion, fails bc church power is diminishing

encomediada system

landowners forcing indigenous people to work on plantations for food and shelter, force conversion to christianty

dutch companies

joint stock companies in new and old worlds for trade

columbian exchange

exchange of plants, animals, disease across old and new worlds

joint stock company

raised capital for trade and colonization

commercial revolution

introudced market economy, financial centers, class structure

subssistence agriculture

faming enough to survive

open field system

no fences, all open, common land

price revolution

influx of gold and silver caused rising prices, inflation

commercial agriculture

farm land to make a profit

enclosure movement

open fields closed by fences and held privatley in england