CLINICAL PARA TOP 1

TOP 1

Fasciola hepatica 1

Common Name : Sheep liver fluke

Fasciola hepatica 2

Intermediate Host(s), 1st: Snail (Lymnaea)

Fasciola hepatica 3

Definitive Host , Sheep, cattle, humans

Fasciola hepatica 4

Diagnostic Stage, Large, operculated eggs

Fasciola hepatica 5

Infective Stage ; Metacercariae on vegetation

Fasciola hepatica 6

Habitat Biliary passages

Fasciola hepatica 7

Mode of Transmission, Ingestion of watercress/aquatic plants

Fasciola hepatica 8

Specimen & Collection; Stool (fecalysis) or Duodenal drainage

Fasciola hepatica 9

Illness & Symptoms; Fascioliasis: Liver rot, biliary colic, fever, jaundice

Fasciola hepatica 10

Treatment Triclabendazole or Bithionol

Fascolopsis buski 1

Common Name Giant intestinal fluke

Fascolopsis buski 2

Intermediate Host(s): 1st: Snail; 2nd: Water plants
Definitive Host:
Pigs, humans

Fascolopsis buski 3

Diagnostic Stage Large, operculated eggs;
Infective Stage Metacercariae on plants
Habitat: Small Intestine

Fascolopsis buski 4

Mode of Transmission Eating raw water chestnut/caltrop
Specimen and Collection: Stool (Fecalysis)

Fascolopsis buski 5

Illness & Symptoms: Fasciolopsiasis: Epigastric pain, diarrhea, facial edema
Treatment; Praziquantel

Paragonimus westermani 1

Common Name Oriental lung fluke

Paragonimus westermani 2

Intermediate Host(s); 1st: Snail; 2nd: Crab/Crayfish
Definitive Host Humans, cats, dogs

Paragonimus westermani 3

Diagnostic Stage; Thick-shelled, operculated eggs
Infective Stage; Metacercariae in crustacean tissue
Habitat; Lung parenchyma

Paragonimus westermani 1

Common Name; Oriental Lung fluke

Paragonimus westermani 2

Intermediate Host(s) 1st: Snail; 2nd: Crab/Crayfish
Definitive Host Humans, cats, dogs

Paragonimus westermani 3

Diagnostic Stage; Thick-shelled, operculated eggs
Infective Stage; Metacercariae in crustacean tissue
Habitat; Lung Parenchyma

Paragonimus westermani 5

Illness & Symptoms Paragonimiasis: Chronic cough, "rusty" sputum, chest pain
Treatment; Praziquantel

Paragonimus westermani 4

Mode of Transmission Eating raw/undercooked crab/crayfish
Specimen & Collection; Sputum or Stool

Schistosoma mansoni 1

Common name: Manson’s Blood fluke

Schistosoma mansoni 2

Intermediate Host(s); Snail (Biomphalaria)
Definitive Host; HUmans

Schistosoma mansoni 3

Diagnostic Stage; Egg with large lateral spine
Infective Stage; Cercariae
Habitat; Inferior mesenteric veins

Schistosoma mansoni 5

Illness & Symptoms; Intestinal Schistosomiasis: Bloody diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly
Treatment; Praziquantel

Schistosoma japonicum 1

Common name; Oriental blood fluke

Schistosoma japonicum 2

Intermediate host: Snail (Oncomelania)
Definitive host; Humans, cattle, pigs

Schistosoma japonicum 3

Diagnostic stage; Egg with small lateral knob
Infective stage; Cercaria
Habitat; Superior mesenteric veins

Schistosoma japonicum 5

Illness & Symptoms; Katayama fever: Fever, eosinophilia, cerebral symptoms
tREATMENT; pRAZIQUANTEL

Schistosoma haematobium 1

Common name; Bladder fluke

Schistosoma haematobium 2

IMH; Snail (Bulinus)

DEFINI HOST; HUMANS

Schistosoma haematobium 3

Diagnostic stage; Egg with terminal spine
Infective stage; Cercaria
Habitat; Vesical venous plexus

Schistosoma haematobium 5

Illness and symptioms; Urinary Schistosomiasis: Terminal hematuria, dysuria
Treatment; Praziquantel

Heterophyes heterophyes 1

Common name; Heterophyid fluke, minute fluke, von Siebold’s fluke

Heterophyes heterophyes 2

1st: Snail; 2nd: Brackish-water fish
DH; Humans, cats, dogs

Heterophyes heterophyes 3

DS; Small, mature operculated eggs
IS; Metacercariae in fish
Habitat; Small Intestine

Heterophyes heterophyes 4

mot; Eating raw salted mullet or tilapia
specimen; Stool/ fecalysis

Heterophyes heterophyes 5

illness; Heterophyiasis: Mucoid diarrhea, abdominal pain
treatment; praziquantel

Opisthorchis spp. 1

Common name; Cat/SE Asian liver fluke

Opisthorchis spp. 2

1st: Snail; 2nd: Freshwater fish
Humans, cats, dogs

Opisthorchis spp. 3

DS; Small, operculated "knobbed" eggs
Metacercariae in fish
hABITAT; BILE DUCTS

Opisthorchis spp. 4

Eating raw/undercooked fish
Stool or Biliary aspirate

Opisthorchis spp. 5

Opisthorchiasis: Biliary obstruction, cholangiocarcinoma
Praziquantel

Echinostoma ilocanum 1

Garrison's fluke

Echinostoma ilocanum 2

1st: Snail; 2nd: Snail/Clam
Humans, rats

Echinostoma ilocanum 3

Straw-colored, operculated eggs
Metacercariae in mollusks
Small Intestine

Echinostoma ilocanum 4

Eating raw snails or clams
Stool (fecalysis)

Echinostoma ilocanum 5

Echinostomiasis: Diarrhea, abdominal pain
pRAZIQUANTEL

Dicrocoelium dendriticum 1

Lancet fluke

Dicrocoelium dendriticum 2

1st: Land snail; 2nd: Ant
Sheep, cattle, humans

Dicrocoelium dendriticum 3

Thick-shelled, embryonated eggs
Metacercariae in ants
Bile ducts

Dicrocoelium dendriticum 4

Accidental ingestion of ants
Stool (fecalysis)

Dicrocoelium dendriticum 5

Dicrocoeliasis: Biliary colic, digestive upset
Praziquantel or triclabendazole

Clonorchis sinensis 1

Common NameChinese Liver Fluke / Oriental Liver Fluke

Clonorchis sinensis 2

Intermediate Host(s)

1st: Freshwater snail (e.g., Parafossarulus spp.)
2nd: Freshwater fish (Cyprinidae family, like carp/minnows)
Definitive HostHumans, dogs, cats, and other fish-eating mammals

Clonorchis sinensis 3

Infective Stage: Metacercariae encysted in the flesh of freshwater fish
Diagnostic Stage: Embryonated eggs passed in the feces
Habitat Bile ducts of the liver; occasionally the gallbladder and pancreatic duct

Clonorchis sinensis 4

Mode of TransmissionIngestion of raw, undercooked, salted, or pickled freshwater fish containing metacercariae
Specimen & CollectionStool sample (Ova and Parasite examination); Duodenal aspirate (if stool is negative but suspicion is high)

Clonorchis sinensis 5

Illness & Symptoms; Clonorchiasis. Often asymptomatic in light infections. Chronic/heavy infections cause: jaundice, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), abdominal pain, gallstones, and weight loss.
Treatment; Praziquantel is the drug of choice; Albendazole is an alternative.

Taenia saginata 1

Beef tapeworm

Taenia saginata 2

Cattle
HUmans

Taenia saginata 3

DS; Proglottid (15-30 branches) or Egg
IS; Cysticercus bovis
Small Intestine

Taenia saginata 4

Eating undercooked "measly" beef
Stool or Scotch Tape Swab

Taenia saginata 5

Taeniasis: Hunger pains, epigastric distress
pRAZIQUANTEL

Taenia solium 1

Pork tapeworm

Taenia solium 2

Pig (or Humans for larvae)
Humans

Taenia solium 3

Proglottid (7-13 branches) or Egg
Cysticercus cellulosae in pork
Small Intestine (Adult)
Tissues in the body (Egg)

Taenia solium 4

Eating undercooked pork (Adult); Egg ingestion (Larva)
Stool (Adult); Biopsy/Imaging (Larva)

Taenia solium 5

Cysticercosis: Seizures, CNS deficits, muscle nodules
Praziquantel (Adult); Albendazole (Cyst)

Hymenolepis nana 1

Dwarf tapeworm

Hymenolepis nana 2

None required (or Grain beetle)
Humans, rodents

Hymenolepis nana 3

DS; Egg with polar filaments
IS: Embryonated egg
H: Small Intestine

Hymenolepis nana 4

MOT; Ingestion of eggs or autoinfection
SPECIMEN; Stool (fecalysis)

Hymenolepis nana 5

Hymenolepiasis: Dizziness, diarrhea, irritability
PRAZIQUANTEL

Hymenolepis diminuta 1

Rat tapeworm

Hymenolepis diminuta 2

Grain insects (Flour beetle)
Rats, humans

Hymenolepis diminuta 3

Egg without filaments
Cysticercoid in insect
Small Intestine

Hymenolepis diminuta 4

Accidental ingestion of insects
Stool (fecalysis)

Hymenolepis diminuta 5

Mild GI upset; often asymptomatic
PRAZIQUANTEL

Diphylobothrium latum 1

Broad fish tapeworm

Diphylobothrium latum 2

1st: Copepod; 2nd: Freshwater fish
Humans, bears, dogs

Diphylobothrium latum 3

Operculated, unembryonated egg
Plerocercoid (sparganum) in fish
Small Intestine (Ileum)

Diphylobothrium latum 4

Stool (fecalysis)Eating raw/undercooked fish

Diphylobothrium latum 5

Diphyllobothriasis: Vit B12 deficiency, Macrocytic anemia
Praziquantel

Echinococcus granulosus 1

Hydatid worm

Echinococcus granulosus 2

Sheep, cattle, humans (accidental)
Dogs (canines)

Echinococcus granulosus 3

Hydatid cyst (Imaging/Serology)
Embryonated egg from dog feces
Tissue (Liver/Lungs)

Echinococcus granulosus 4

Ingestion of eggs from dog feces
Serology, CT/MRI, Biopsy

Echinococcus granulosus 5

Hydatid Disease: Pressure from cysts, anaphylaxis if ruptured
Albendazole + Surgery (PAIR)

Spirometra mansoni 4

MOT; Ingesting Cyclops, raw meat, or poultices
SP & C; Surgical removal of larva

Spirometra mansoni 1

Sparganum

Spirometra mansoni 2

1st: Copepod; 2nd: Frog/Snake
Cats, dogs

Spirometra mansoni 3

Larva (Sparganum) in tissue
Procercoid (in water) or Plerocercoid
Subcutaneous tissue/Eyes

Spirometra mansoni 5

Sparganosis: Painful nodules, periorbital edemaSurgical excision