Thermochemistry: Key Concepts and Equations for Chemistry
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22 Terms
thermochemical equation
A chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change.
heat of reaction
The enthalpy change for the chemical equation exactly as written.
heat of combustion
The heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance.
molar heat of fusion
The heat absorbed by one mole of a solid substance as it melts to a liquid at a constant temperature.
molar heat of solidification
The heat lost when one mole of a liquid substance solidifies at a constant temperature.
molar heat of vaporization
The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a given liquid at a constant temperature.
molar heat of condensation
The amount of heat released when one mole of a vapor condenses at its normal boiling point.
molar heat of solution
The enthalpy change caused by the dissolution of one mole of substance.
Hess's law of heat summation
States that if you add 2 or more thermochemical equations to give a final equation, then you can also add the heats of reaction to give the final heat of reaction.
standard heat of formation
The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements with all substances in their standard state.
thermochemistry
The study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state.
chemical potential energy
The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.
system
As the part of the universe on which you focus your attention.
surroundings
The rest of the universe outside the system.
law of conservation of energy
In any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed.
endothermic process
Heat is absorbed from the surroundings.
exothermic process
Releases heat to its surroundings.
heat capacity
The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance.
specific heat
The specific heat capacity.
calorimetry
The measurement of the heat flow into or out of a system for chemical and physical processes.
calorimeter
The insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes.
enthalpy
A system that accounts for the heat flow of the system at constant pressure.