O Chem 2 Exam 4

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/11

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 6:30 PM on 4/20/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

12 Terms

1
New cards

Tautomerization

process that converts ketones to enols and reverse. Can be acid or base catalyzed.

<p>process that converts ketones to enols and reverse. Can be acid or base catalyzed. </p>
2
New cards

Conditions for when enol is present in larger quantities (ketone is usually more stable except when..)

  1. Enol creates aromaticity

  2. Creates new conjugation

  3. Hydrogen bonds make 5 or 6 membered ring

<ol><li><p>Enol creates aromaticity</p></li><li><p>Creates new conjugation </p></li><li><p>Hydrogen bonds make 5 or 6 membered ring</p></li></ol><p></p>
3
New cards

Enolate

when hydrogen from alpha carbon is removed by strong base

highly reactive

resonance stabilized

nucleophiles

<p>when hydrogen from alpha carbon is removed by strong base</p><p>highly reactive </p><p>resonance stabilized </p><p>nucleophiles </p>
4
New cards

kinetic enolate

  • strong non-nuclephilic base (LDA at low temp)

  • easiest/fastest hydrogen is removed

  • forms on most accessible side

  • faster than thermodynamic enolate

  • short reaction time

<ul><li><p>strong non-nuclephilic base (LDA at low temp)</p></li><li><p>easiest/fastest hydrogen is removed </p></li><li><p>forms on most accessible side </p></li><li><p>faster than thermodynamic enolate </p></li><li><p>short reaction time </p></li></ul><p></p>
5
New cards

Thermodynamic Enolate

  • weaker base (alkoxides)

  • Long reaction time NEEDED, forms slower than kinetic

  • requires reversible conditions

  • most stable enolate

  • hydrogen removed on more substituted side

6
New cards

Carbonyls with Br2, Cl2, or I2

ACIDIC conditions

One halogen is added to More substituted side

7
New cards

Carbonyls with Br2, Cl2, or I2

BASIC conditions

Substitutes ALL hydrogens for halogen

Cannot stop at 1 addition will make two products if not in excess

Adds to LEAST substituted side

8
New cards

Haloform Reaction

ketone with NaOH, Br2/I2

forms carboxylic acid and hcX3

9
New cards

  1. LDA

  2. X2

ONE halogen added to least substituted side

10
New cards

  1. LDA

  2. R—X

Adds carbon group to least substituted side through kinetic enolate, also works on nitriles \

Must be strong base (LDA)

11
New cards

1-3 dicarbonyl compounds

  • middle proton is most acidic

  • always remove middle hydrogen for enol/ate formation

<ul><li><p>middle proton is most acidic </p></li><li><p>always remove middle hydrogen for enol/ate formation </p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

br2, can be H+ or NaOH, do opposite sides

followed by pyridine

does E2 reaction

Adds Br depending on acid or base conditions

pyridine does e2 makes double bond with carbon next to where Br was.