LESSON 1: Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Alexander Graham Bell

revolutionized the communications field by inventing telephone

Pre Mechanical Period

words and pictograms curved in rocks ; discovery of Papyrus and Paper

Mechanical Period

invention of abacus, first mechanical calculator, difference engine, and analytical engine

Pascaline

First Mechanical Calculator

Charles Babbage

Father of modern computer (difference & analytical engine)

Electromechanical Period

invention of the telegraph, telephone, and radio

Telegraph

1st device to use electricity to transmit information over an electrical media invented by William Cooke and Sir Wheatstone in the UK

Samuel Morse

introduced the first single-circuit telegraph that gave rise to Morse Code

Telephone

it converts sounds into electricity and enables the telephone network to transmit it through copper wire ; invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876

Radio

discovered that electrical waves travel through space and can produce and effect far from the point at which it originated ; invented by Marconi 1984

Electronic Period

the era of technology we are in now

Vacuum Tube Machines

First General Purpose Electronic Digital Computer

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

ENIAC

Transistor

a small electronic switch that can turn current on or off, or amplify signals

Integrated Circuit

a tiny chip made of semiconductor material that holds multiple transistors, resistors, and other components in one package

Computer Microprocessors

the entire central processing unit (CPU) of a computer placed on a single chip

Information and Communications Technology

the processing of data that includes sending, editing, receiving, locating, and saving using different hardware and software components

World Wide Web

is an information system on the internet that allows document to be connected to other documents by hypertext links

Web Page

is a hypertext document connected to the WWW

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP

HTTP

the transfer method used by WWW to transmit and receive Web pages

Websites

connections between single web page to multiple web pages

Hypertext Markup Language

HTML

Timothy John Berners-Lee

is an English engineer and computer scientist ; invented the world wide web

Web 1.0

website pages are STATIC ; the page is “as is”

Web 1.0

website contents and layouts are inseparable

Web 1.0

website contents are stored in files

Web 1.0

website use proprietary HTML tags

Web 1.0

websites do not embed guestbook in the content page

Web 1.0

website forms are usually sent by email

Darcy DiNucci

Web 2.0 coined by _______________ on January 1999

Tim O’Reilly & Dale Dougherty

Web 2.0 popularized by

Web 2.0

it has user-generated contents

Web 2.0

it has emphasis on user experience

Web 2.0

it has improved interoperability

Application Programming Interface

API

Folksonomy

allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen keywords ; users create their own tags

Rich User Experience

content is dynamic and responsive to user’s input ; websites that look nice, interactive, and easy to use, making users enjoy the experience

User Participation

the owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content ; users create and share contents

Long Tail

services offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase ; offers niche content for small audience

Software as a Service

users subscribed to a software only when needed rather than purchasing them ; online software you don’t need to install

Mass Participation

diverse information sharing through universal web access. ; lots of people joining in