Pharmacological Concepts and Medications

Flashcards covering key pharmacological concepts and medications related to antiemetics, iron preparations, folic acid, magnesium, and hormonal contraceptives.

What pharmacological action do serotonin antagonists like ondansetron perform?

They prevent emesis by blocking serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).

What are some therapeutic uses of ondansetron?

It prevents emesis related to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and postoperative recovery.

What are common side effects of ondansetron?

Headache, diarrhea, and dizziness.

What nursing actions should be taken for patients on ondansetron?

Treat headache with non-opioid analgesics, monitor stool pattern, and monitor ECG for prolonged QT interval.

What are contraindications for ondansetron?

It is contraindicated in clients with long QT syndrome and caution should be used in pregnancy and lactation.

What nursing consideration should be made for dopamine antagonists in children and elderly?

They should be used cautiously due to the increased risk of extrapyramidal manifestations.

What is the expected pharmacological action of iron preparations like ferrous sulfate?

They provide iron needed for RBC development and oxygen transport to cells.

What are the therapeutic uses of iron preparations?

They are used to treat and prevent iron-deficiency anemia.

What nursing actions should be taken when administering oral iron preparations?

Administer with food if there are GI distress issues, but this reduces absorption.

What client education should be provided when taking iron supplements?

Stools may become black or dark green; liquid iron should be diluted and taken with a straw.

What is the expected pharmacological action of folic acid?

Folic acid is essential in the production of DNA and erythropoiesis (RBC, WBC, and platelets).

What are the therapeutic uses of folic acid?

Treatment of megaloblastic anemia, prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy, and treatment of malabsorption syndrome.

What are potential complications of magnesium sulfate administration?

Muscle weakness, respiratory depression, and suppression of AV conduction through the heart.

What client education is important for magnesium sulfate therapy?

Clients should be aware of dietary sources of magnesium and to report any severe muscle contractions.

What is the primary expected action of hormonal contraceptives like combination oral contraceptives?

They prevent conception by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrial lining.

What should clients using hormonal contraceptives avoid to reduce risk of thrombosis?

Clients should avoid smoking.

What are nursing actions associated with clients taking oral contraceptives?

Monitor for breakthrough bleeding, report high blood pressure, and evaluate for signs of thromboembolic events.