NHA CCMA: Clinical Patient Care (General Patient Care)

Sodium hypochlorite solution

most common solutions used to disinfect surfaces

PPE (personal protective equipment)

a barrier between a person and pathogens; includes gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, and face shields

Active listening

allows the MA to fully understand what the pt. is communicating verbally & non-verbally

Open-ended questions

questions that lead to further explanation

Restatement (Interviewing technique)

repeating & paraphrasing info to confirm accuracy

Clarification (Interviewing technique)

summarizing info to clear up any confusion

Nonverbal communication

communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech

Sympathy

feeling compassion, sorrow or pity for the hardships of another

CC (Chief Complaint)

reason for the office visit

Allergy

adverse reaction caused by an antigen-antibody response

Anaphylaxis

life threatening allergic reaction

Audiometry

process of measuring hearing

Visual Acuity Testing

use of tools such as the Snellen chart to screen for visual impairments

Anthropometric Test

test that include ht. & wt. (as well as head circumference for infants)

Vital Signs (VS)

temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Pyrexia

fever

98.6 F (37 C)

normal body temperature

Fingers used to palpate the pulse

2nd & the 3rd fingers

Radial pulse site

thumb side of the wrist

Brachial pulse site

inside the upper arm

Carotid pulse site

neck, just below the jaw bone

Auscultation

listening with a stethoscope

Palpatation

the art of touching

Newborn average HR

120-160 bpm

Infant average HR

80-140 bpm

Toddler average HR

80-130 bpm

Preschool average HR

80-120 bpm

School-age average HR

70-100 bpm

Adult average HR

60-100 bpm

Respiration

evaluated by rate, rhythm & depth

Normal respiratory rate in a newborn

30-50 bpm

Normal respiratory rate in an adult

12-20 bpm

Systolic pressure

1st sound when taking BP

Diastolic pressure

last sound when taking BP

60/30 to 100/80 mmHg

Average BP for infants & children

120/80 mmHg

normal BP

Systolic (120-129 mmHg) pressure

elevated BP

130 to 139/80 to 89 mmHg

stage 1 hypertension

140/90 mmHg or greater

stage 2 hypertension

How convert ht. from in. to feet & in?

divide in. by 12

How to convert pounds to kg?

divide the wt. in pounds by 2.2

How to convert kg to pounds?

multiply the wt. in kg. by 2.2

Fowler's position

sitting position; 90 degree angle (exams: EENT & chest)

Semi-Fowler's position

seated position, 45 degree angle (exams: chest, SOB & unable to lay flat)

Sims' position (lateral)

laying on the left side, LL slightly flexed & the RL flexed at at 90 degree angle (exams: rectum & enemas)

Knee-chest position

prone & bent at the waist resting on the knees, arms above head (exams: GYN, rectum, spinal adjustments)

Prone position

lying face down

Supine position

lying on the back

Jack-knife position

lying over an exam table that is lifted in the middle (exams: rectal, sigmoidoscopy)

Lithotomy position

lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups (exams: paps)

Dorsal recumbent position

patient is lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent (exams: caths, genital exams for young pt.)

Trendelenburg position

legs elevated above the head (exams: shock)

Tuning fork is used on what body part?

Head

The number of times a medication should be checked to avoid errors?

3

Buccal (medication route)

between the cheeks & gums

Sublingual (medication route)

under the tongue

Inhalation (medication route)

the administration of medication in the form of vapor and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs

Mucosal (medication route)

absorbed into & through the mucous membranes (vagina, rectum, eye & ear)

Transdermal (medication route)

medication absorbed through a patch

Triage

a method of prioritizing treatment

Abrasion

scrape or rub of the skin

Incision

process of cutting into

Laceration

open injury that is caused by a sharp object

Puncture

open wound that is caused by instrument that delivers a stab

Contusion

bruise

Concussion

closed head trauma

Strain

stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon

Sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments

Fracture

broken bone

Signs of infection

- redness

- swelling

- warmth

- drainage

- foul odor

- fever

- malaise

- red streaks from the wound

Dressings are sterile & cover what?

wounds

Bandages are non-sterile & cover what.

the dressings

Wounds that have crusting blood or exudate need.....

soaking with saline prior to suture/staple removal

Equipment needed for suture removal

Stitch/suture scissors & forceps

Staple removal device

used to remove staples

Butterfly closures are used....

to provide reinforcement of the wound after removal of sutures/staples

Controlled substances can not be......

called into the pharmacy, must have handwritten RX

Activity restrictions

bathing & exercising

Changing the dressing, supplying medications to the wound

Wound care

30:2

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths?

AED

used to convert the patient back to sinus rhythm

Lumen (needle)

the opening of the needle; the lower the gauge number, the wider the lumen.

Intradermal (ID) 27-28 gauge

within the skin; 10 to 15 degree angle

Subcutaneous (SC) 25-26 gauge

under the skin; 45 degree angle; slowly

Intramuscular (IM) 20-23 gauge

within the muscle; 90 degree angle

Conduct eye irrigation's so that solutions don't flow down the tear duct

Weber Test

Test done by placing the stem of a vibrating tuning fork on the midline of the head and having the patient indicate in which ear the tone can be heard.

RLQ organs

cecum, appendix, portion of the ascending colon

LLQ organs

portion of the descending colon, sigmoid colon

Chlorhexidine

antiseptic agent used to clean skin before a blood culture draw

Papules

Firm raised areas on the skin

Vesicles

small fluid-filled blisters; common cause is a herpes viral infection

Pustules

pus-filled blisters; ex: acne

LUQ organs

liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

RUQ organs

liver, gallbladder, pylorus, duodenum, hepatic flexure of colon, and head of pancreas

tuberculin skin test (PPD)

Intradermal route

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

C = (F-32) 5/9

Hemostat

Surgical instrument used to hold or grasp items

Cyrosurgery

destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen