Ap World History- Cultural Developments and Interactions

PHS

Kwame Nkrumah

Advocate of Pan-Africanism, led Ghana’s independence from Great Britain, and became its first president (1909-1972, Ghana).

Shining Path

Communist revolutionary party in Peru known for brutal methods, attempting to overthrow the government (1970s-1980s, Peru).

Pax Mongolica

Period of peace during Mongol rule facilitating trade and cultural exchange (1300s, Mongol Empire).

The Renaissance

Revival of humanist and artistic principles of ancient Greece and Rome, leading to progress in art and science (1450-1600, Italy and Europe).

The Protestant Reformation

Movement against the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther (1517 onwards, Germany and Europe).

Al-Qaeda

Islamic fundamentalist terrorist organization affecting global security, particularly in the West (1988-present, Middle East and worldwide).

Bollywood

Nickname for India's Hindi-language film industry, influencing Indian culture and soft power (1900s-present, India).

World Cup

International soccer tournament held every four years, affecting football teams and fans worldwide (1930-present, global).

Olympe de Gouges

Women’s rights activist and abolitionist, author of "The Declaration of the Rights of Woman" (1748-1793, France).

Nelson Mandela

Anti-apartheid activist and first Black president of South Africa, inspiring global human rights movements (1918-2013, South Africa).

Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil Rights leader known for nonviolent activism, impacting African Americans and the global civil rights movement (1929-1968, United States).

The Olympics

International sports competition held every four years, affecting athletes, spectators, and host nations worldwide (1896-present, global).

Filial Piety

Confucian virtue of love and respect for parents and ancestors, influencing generations of Chinese society (4th century BCE, China).

Neo-Confucianism

Philosophical movement responding to Daoism and Buddhism, affecting Chinese, Korean, and Japanese scholars and society (11th century CE, China, Korea, Japan).

Sufism

Mystical approach to Islam focusing on introspection, affecting Muslim communities and spiritual seekers (8th century CE, Dar Al-Islam).

Buddhist Monasticism

Religious lifestyle for monks pursuing Enlightenment, affecting Buddhists, monks, and lay followers (6th century BCE, India and East Asia).

Vijayanagara Empire

Wealthy Hindu kingdom in Southern India through trade (1336-1646, Southern India).

Ibn Battuta

Muslim scholar and traveler who documented his journeys, affecting Muslim scholars and historians (1300s, North Africa and Muslim world).

Margery Kempe

Religious Englishwoman who wrote about her pilgrimage and visions, affecting historians and women in medieval Europe (1373-1438, England).

Marco Polo

Italian merchant who worked for Kublai Khan and wrote about his travels, affecting European explorers and historians (1254-1324, Italy and China).

Akbar

Mughal emperor known for religious tolerance, affecting Muslims, Hindus, and Indian society (1542-1605, Mughal Empire).

Sikhism

Syncretic religion blending Islam and Hinduism, affecting Sikhs and Indian society (Mid-1500s, Northern India).

Humanism

Renaissance focus on human achievement and classical knowledge, affecting European scholars and artists (1400s, Europe).

Secularism

Living under laws made by people, not religious texts, affecting governments and societies in Europe (1400s, Europe).

Mary Wollstonecraft

Early women's rights activist and author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," affecting women and gender equality movements (1759-1797, England).

Gandhi

Indian political activist who led nonviolent resistance to British rule, affecting Indian society and global resistance movements (1869-1948, India).

Sukarno

Leader of Indonesian independence from Dutch rule and first president of Indonesia, affecting Indonesians and post-colonial leaders (1901-1970, Indonesia).

Reggae

Musical genre blending African, jazz, and blues influences, representing cultural globalization (1960s-present, Jamaica).