NR 293 Edapt Pharmacotherapeutics Questions and answers + rationales

Which factors are included in the pharmacotherapeutic evaluation of a drug? (SATA)

Patient's social history

Outcome goal for therapy

Type of therapy needed

Patient's medical history

Which sentence describes a drug with a low therapeutic index?

A slight change in dosage can mean toxicity.

Which type of therapy is used to treat someone based on the clinical probability that the drug will work based on patient's symptoms only?

Empiric therapy

Which type of therapy is a treatment used to prevent a high risk condition from occurring?

Prophylactic therapy

Drag and drop the type of monitoring that was used in each of the situations

Physical Assessment-During an office visit, it is noted the patient's blood pressure has improved after starting the new blood pressure medication.

Family observation- A patient's spouse leaves a message saying that the patient seems a lot more drowsy after seeing the provider last week, he thinks it might be the new medication.

Patient report- The patient calls the office and says they get dizzy after taking their morning medications.

Laboratory- The nurse reports a protime of 1.9 for a patient on warfarin (Coumadin). The provider decides to increase the dosage.

A ___(1)___therapeutic index means that there is a small difference between a drugs active dose and its toxic dosage. A drug with a ___(2)___therapeutic index has a higher likelihood of causing an adverse reaction. Warfarin has a ___(3)___ therapeutic index because a slight change in dose could be toxic. Amoxicillin has a ___(4)___therapeutic index because it is rarely toxic at a higher dose.

1. low

2. low

3. low

4. high

Which conditions can cause drug toxicity? (SATA)

Liver failure

Overdose

Kidney failure

Using the drop-down menus, select the correct drug reaction.

Fred says that when he doesn't take his morphine, he gets a sweaty, a runny nose, and nauseous with vomiting. Once he takes it, the symptoms go away. _____(1)_______

1. Physical Dependence

Sara says that when she doesn't take her tramadol, it is all she thinks about and craves. She will do anything to get her tramadol. ____(2)_____

2. Psychological Dependence

Murray says that he takes his pregabalin for his neuropathy symptoms, but it doesn't seem to work as well as it once did. He thinks he needs more. ____(3)______

3. Tolerance

Which sentence describes how acetaminophen combines with codeine to work in Tylenol #3?

The codeine has a synergistic effect with the acetaminophen

Choose which type of reaction each of the following people is experiencing.

1. Priscilla was arrested for stealing Percocet from her mother.

Psychological dependence

2. Elden was admitted to a detox center because he ran out of pain medication and started experiencing anxiety, tremors, and dizziness.

Physical dependence

Mandy says that one drink used to make her drunk, but now it takes 4 drinks to feel about the same.

Tolerance

Drag and drop the following treatment therapies to match the with their descriptions.

Empiric- Treatment when someone has symptoms that are suspicious of a condition that is treatable, but no testing or limited testing is done.

Prophylactic-Treatment to prevent something that there is a high risk may occur in the future.

Acute-Used to treat ill or acute conditions. Used to treat disease.

Supportive- Treat symptoms to allow time for the body's immune system to improve condition.

Maintenance- Treatment of a condition to prevent or slow progression.

Palliative- Treatment to relieve symptoms or reduce pain in cases when the condition in untreatable.

Supplemental- Replacement or addition of something the body doesn't produce enough of on its own.

Julie experienced a sexual assault. After the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) completed her interview and exam she suggested that Julie take azidothymidine (AZT) to prevent HIV.

Which type of therapy is the nurse offering?

Prophylactic

Laura took the first dose of amoxicillin for her upper respiratory infection. She quickly developed a rash over her body and started experiencing shortness of breath.

What is the best description below for this reaction?

Allergic reaction

Drag and drop each interaction to match each situation presented below.

Antagonistic effect- I notice that when I eat a lot of salads, my warfarin doesn't work as well because my protime levels are lower.

Additive effect- When I take my atorvastatin with grapefruit juice, I get side effects from my medication including muscle soreness.

Incompatible effect- I was told not to eat certain foods with my antidepressant because it can cause really high blood pressure.

Synergistic effect-When I take ibuprofen and use warm compresses it relieves my pain more than each one of them alone does.

Drag and drop each type of therapy to match which is being used in the example.

Prophylactic- Wayne uses ear drops before he gets in the pool everyday so he doesn't get swimmer's ear.

Maintenance- Lisa got a refill of her albuterol inhaler which is being used to treat her asthma.

Palliative- Fran is taking Percocet to alleviate some of her pain from the breast cancer.

Supplemental- Maria takes a multivitamin everyday to stay healthy.

Empiric- Jacob was prescribed amoxicillin to treat the ear pain because the provider presumed he might have an ear infection.

Supportive- George took diphenhydramine to treat the rhinorrhea (runny nose) he had with this cold.

Drag and drop the correct label to the appropriate location in the image below.

1. High Therapeutic Index

2. Low Therapeutic Index

3. Less likely to have adverse reaction

4. More likely to have adverse reaction

Which situation can cause a toxic level of a drug in a person's system? (SATA)

Higher drug dosage

Renal insufficiency