Unit 3: Land Based Empires 1450-1750

What are Gunpowder Empires and provide examples?

Gunpowder Empires are states in SE Asia, Asia, and SW Asia that relied on gunpowder to maintain power and expand, including the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires.

What significant event did Mehmed II accomplish in 1433?

Mehmed II sieged and took Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire using gunpowder and advanced cannons, changing the city's name to Istanbul.

How did the Ottoman Empire affect Europe during its expansion?

The Ottoman Empire conquered areas around the Mediterranean and attempted to push into Europe, making European nations fear Ottoman power.

Who founded the Safavid Empire and what was its religious orientation?

Ismail I founded the Safavid Empire, which was predominantly Shia Islamic, contrasting with the Sunni orientation of the Ottomans.

What major contributions did Akbar make to the Mughal Empire?

Akbar was a prosperous ruler who established a centralized government, supported multiple religions, and achieved cultural accomplishments, including the construction of the Taj Mahal.

What were the three ways European monarchs legitimized their power during 1450-1750?

European monarchs legitimized their power through the Divine Right of Kings, the rise of Absolutism, and centralization of power.

What was the Devshirme system in the Ottoman Empire?

The Devshirme system involved taking boys from tribute states, educating them, and placing them in military or administrative roles.

Describe the structure of belief systems in the Mughal Empire.

The Mughal Empire was influenced by Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism, promoting a mix of beliefs, including tolerance and social justice.

What sparked the Protestant Reformation?

The Protestant Reformation was sparked by the challenge to the authority and corruption of the Pope, led by figures like Martin Luther.

What was the Council of Trent?

The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was a Catholic attempt to clarify doctrines and regain followers during the Counter-Reformation.