Epithelial Neoplasia

List three features of epithelial cells

1. Cell to cell adhesions (tight junctions, desmosomes)

2. Most often found in clusters or sheets

3. Exfoliate well with high cellularity

What are the different types of epithelial cells?

squamous

glandular/secretory

columnar

ciliated

nucleated squamous epithelium are considered

non-keratinized

1 multiple choice option

anucleate/mature squamous epithelium are considered

keratinized

epithelial cells that are vacuolated or have vesiculated cytoplasm

glandular/secretory cells

elongated epithelial cells with nuclei at one end (basal aspect)

columnar cells

epithelial cells with fine cilia on the apical end of the cell found in the respiratory tract

ciliated cells

formation commonly seen with epithelial neoplasia characterized by gland forming units on cytology

acinar-like formation (aka rosettes)

prefix for glandular epithelial origin?

adeno

malignant epithelial neoplasia of glandular origin is called

adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinomas primarily spread via

lymphatics

1 multiple choice option

TF when epithelial tumors show features of malignancy, they are usually malignant

T

1 multiple choice option

exercise caution diagnosing neoplasia in the presence of

inflammation

what are the limitations of cytology when it comes to epithelial neoplasia?

limited ability to differentiate hyperplasia vs. adenoma vs. well-differentiated carcinoma

examples of epithelial neoplasms?

basilar epithelial neoplasms

sebaceous gland neoplasms

perianal gland neoplasms

mammary neoplasms

squamous cell carcinoma

urothelial cell carcinoma

prostatic lesions

common cutaneous epithelial tumor that is usually benign, most commonly found on the head and neck, and grouped based on distinctive basilar epithelial morphology

basilar epithelial neoplasmsneoplasms

common cutaneous epithelial masses composed of largely cystic centers that are usually benign

keratin-containing adnexal growths

cytological features of keratin-containing adnexal growths?

Keratinized debris

Anucleate superficial squamous cells

Secondary inflammation from keratin

solitary, well-circumscribed, smooth to lobular "wart like" epithelial tumors that arise from sebaceous glandular epithelial

sebaceous gland growths

are sebaceous gland growths more common in dogs or cats?

dogs

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often benign epithelial tumors that are most common in older intact dogs, hormone-responsive, and located in the perianal region, tail, prepuce, thigh, and dorsal lumbosacral area

perianal gland neoplasms

What is the chance that a mammary gland neoplasm is benign/malignant in a dog?

50/50

2 multiple choice options

TF histopathology is needed for definitive classification and grading of a mammary gland neoplasm

T

1 multiple choice option

What is the chance that a mammary gland neoplasm is benign/malignant in a cat?

80-85% are malignant

2 multiple choice options

epithelial masses characterized by malignant keratinocytes with some degree of squamous differentiation, inappropriate keratinization, often accompanying inflammation, and site-dependent biological behavior

squamous cell carcinoma

what is an adequate cytology sample to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma ?

need aspirate of underlying tissue

1 multiple choice option

most common eyelid mass in horses?

squamous cell carcinoma

urothelial cell carcinoma was previously known as

transitional cell carcinoma

most common form of canine bladder cancer

urothelial cell carcinoma

where does urothelial cell carcinoma most commonly form?

bladder trigone

TF urothelial cell carcinoma can be definitively diagnosed with cytology

F

often inflamed, so biopsy needed to confirm

1 multiple choice option

large pink cytoplasmic inclusions that are seen with urothelial cell carcinoma but NOT pathognomonic

melamed-wolinska bodies

hormonally driven prostatic lesion common in intact male dogs characterized by uniform bi-lobed prostatic enlargement that may contain cystic spaces

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

cytologic features of BPH?

uniform epithelial cells with a honeycomb pattern

prostatic lesion that occurs in older dogs characterized by an irregular, enlarged, nodular, firm, and painful prostate on palpation

prostatic carcinoma

is it more common to see mineralization on radiographs with BPH or prostatic carcinoma?

prostatic carcinoma

1 multiple choice option

cranial mediastinal masses arising from thymic epithelial cells

thymomas

most common histologic subtype of thymoma?

mixed (epithelial + lymphocytic)

clinical syndrome where primary lung tumors remain clinically silent until they metastasize to digits

feline lung digit syndrome (FLDS)