Chemical Energetics and Acids, Alkalis, Salts

A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts from chemical energetics, acids, alkalis, and stoichiometry.

Exothermic reactions

Reactions where reactants produce products and release energy.

Endothermic reactions

Reactions where reactants absorb energy to form products.

Dynamic equilibrium

A state where the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no overall change.

Acids

Soluble chemicals that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Alkalis

Bases that are soluble in water and produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved.

Neutral substance

A substance that is neither acidic nor alkaline.

Indicator

A chemical that changes color depending on whether it is added to an acid or an alkali.

PH scale

A scale that measures the strength of acids and alkalis.

Relative atomic mass (Ar)

The weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element, expressed in g/mol.

Relative formula mass (Mr)

The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a compound.

Percentage composition

The percent by mass of each element in a compound.

Mole

A quantity equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12, also known as Avogadro's number.