The Nature of Acids and Bases

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Based on Lucarelli's Essential Chemistry Chapter 4

Last updated 11:59 AM on 4/26/26

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Litmus paper

A test of a solution’s acidity of alkalinity by placing paper with a mixture of lichen dyes on it into the solution

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How did Svante Arrhenius define acids and bases?

Acids: Substances that produce H⁺ in solution

Bases: Substances that produce OH^- in solution

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Ionisation

The process by which covalent molecules (e.g. HCl, H₂O, HNO₃) form ions in solution

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Dissociation

The process by which the ions of an ionic compound (e.g. NaOH, KOH) are release in solution