Prefinals

In which organ are bile salts released to aid in digestion?

Small intestines.

What major salivary gland is composed of ?

The major salivary glands.

What type of cells make up the secretory unit of the pancreas?

Low columnar or cylindrical cells.

What modification can be found on the surface of phagocytes?

Microvilli.

What are the macrophages in the liver's sinusoids called?

Kupffer cells.

Which layer is absent from the walls of the gallbladder?

Submucosa.

In the digestive tract, muscle tissue is found in which layers?

Mucosa and Muscularis externa.

What substance converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

Parietal cells.

Which cells form tight junctions in the gastric mucosal barrier?

Pericytes.

Which organ is involved in musculature and speech?

Tongue.

What type of muscle constitutes the muscularis externa in the lower third of the esophagus?

Smooth muscle.

Which organ converts food into chyme?

Stomach.

What performs the mechanical action of digestion in the intestine?

Contraction of muscularis externa.

What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of most of the large intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium.

To which type of tissue do intestinal glands belong?

Epithelial tissue.

What structure enhances the absorptive capability of the small intestine?

(villi, microvilli, and folds).

What type of muscle is found in the vault of the tongue?

Skeletal muscle.

What type of muscle is the muscularis externa in the oral cavity associated with lipids?

Skeletal muscle.

What is the function of the alkaline mucus secreted by Brunner’s glands?

Neutralize the acidity of chyme.

Where does the chemical digestion of food begin?

Oral cavity.

Which organ temporarily stores urine?

Urinary bladder.

What type of muscle comprises the vascularis of the male urethra?

Skeletal muscle.

In which region of the kidney are glomeruli located?

Cortex.

Which renal tubule is lined with simple cuboidal epithelial cells that have microvilli?

Proximal convoluted tubule and descending loop of Henle.

What type of epithelium is the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule made of?

Simple squamous epithelium (SSE).

Which of the following is a portal vein?

Efferent

What is one function of the kidney associated with tubular absorption?

Vasa recta.

Erythropoietin, responsible for RBC production, is made by what tissue?

Connective tissue.

What type of epithelium lines most of the mucosa of the female urethra?

Transitional epithelium.

What are podocytes?

Epithelial cells.

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

Specialized smooth muscle cells located in the walls of the afferent arterioles that supply blood to the glomeruli of the kidneys.

Cells of the macula densa are located in which part of the nephron?

Distal convoluted tubule.

Which parts of the renal tubule do not have Brush border (microvilli)?

Distal convoluted tubule and descending loop of Henle.

What makes up the glomerular filtration barrier?

Epithelial cells and podocytes.

Which blood vessel is known as the portal artery?

Afferent arterioles.

What type of epithelium is found lining the renal pelvis?

Transitional epithelium.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron.

What filtration form prevents the passage of negatively charged molecules?

Negatively charged molecules.

Which division of the autonomic nervous system aligns with the submucosa?

Enteric nervous system.

What organ is responsible for the expansion and contraction of lungs?

Diaphragm.

What type of neurons are olfactory cells?

Bipolar neurons.

Which structure does not contain cartilage?

Bronchiole.

What type of cartilage is found in the trachea?

Hyaline cartilage.

Where are skeletal muscles not found?

Trachea.

Which organs are segments of the respiratory tract?

None of the above (Larynx, Lungs, and Laryngopharynx are involved).

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule of the nose?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (KStSE).

What type of respiratory epithelium cell is columnar and associated with afferent nerve endings?

Crash ending cells.

What produces surfactant in bronchioles?

Club cells.

Where is pulmonary surfactant produced?

Type 2 alveolar cells.

What blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood in the lung?

Bronchial artery.

Which is not a component of the blood-air barrier?

Smooth muscle of capillary.

What type of epithelium does respiratory and olfactory epithelium classify as?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

What phagocyte in the alveolus contains cytoplasmic vacuoles with dust particles?

Dust cells.

Which part of the respiratory tract produces sound?

Larynx.

In which part of the lungs can alveoli and alveolar ducts be found?

Both respiratory bronchiole and alveolar duct.

What type of fluid is produced by mesothelial cells?

Serous fluid.

What is the primary responsibility of goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium?

Production of mucus.

What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the trachea?

Respiratory epithelium.

Where are Clara cells found in the lungs?

Bronchiole.

What is the main epithelium of the nasopharynx?

Respiratory epithelium.