Post-midterm ANATOMY

muscles of posterior thigh

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

proximal attachment posterior thigh muscles (except short head biceps femoris)

ischial tuberosity

proximal attachment short head biceps femoris

linea aspera

distal attachment semitendinosus

medial tibia (pes anserinus)

innervation posterior thigh muscles (except short head biceps femoris)

tibial nerve

innervation short head biceps femoris

common fibular nerve

actions hamstrings

hip extension, knee flexion

distal attachment semimembranosus

medial tibial condyle

distal attachment biceps femoris

head of fibula

superolateral border popliteal fossa

biceps femoris

superomedial border popliteal fossa

semimembranosus and semitendinosus

inferolateral border popliteal fossa

lateral head of gastrocnemius

inferomedial border popliteal fossa

medial head of gastrocnemius

contents of popliteal fossa (from medial to lateral)

popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve

largest joint in the body

knee joint

articulations of knee joint

lateral femorotibial, medial femorotibial, patellofemoral

what type of joint is the knee joint

hinge, synovial

menisci

fibrocartilaginous plates that rest on the tibial plateau

purpose of menisci

deepen the articular surface of knee joint

intrinsic ligaments of knee joint

patellar, medial/tibial, oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal

extrinsic ligaments of knee joint

lateral/fibular, anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate

cruciate ligaments

internal ligaments, located within the fibrous joint capsule but outside synovial capsule

attachment anterior cruciate ligament

anterior intercondylar eminence passes to lateral femoral condyle

attachment posterior cruciate ligament

posterior intercondylar eminence passes to medial femoral condyle

anterior drawer test

assesses stability of ACL after knee injury

posterior drawer test

assesses stability of PCL after knee injury

ACL role

prevents tibia from moving anteriorly under femur, tight on knee extension

PCL role

prevents tibia from moving posteriorly under femur, tight on knee flexion

proximal tibiofibular joint

head of fibula articulates with lateral tibial condyle

what type of joint is proximal tibiofibular

plane, synovial

intrinsic ligaments proximal tibiofibular joint

anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head

muscles of anterior leg

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus

distal attachment tibialis anterior

medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

innervation muscles of anterior leg

deep fibular nerve

actions tibialis anterior

ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion

distal attachment extensor digitorum longus

middle and distal phalanges digits 2-5 via extensor expansions

actions extensor digitorum longus

ankle dorsiflexion, extension digits 2-5

distal attachment fibularis tertius

base of 5th metatarsal

actions fibularis tertius

ankle dorsiflexion, foot eversion

distal attachment extensor hallucis longus

distal phalanx digit 1

actions extensor hallucis longus

ankle dorsiflexion, extension digit 1

muscles of lateral leg

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

distal attachment fibularis longus, tibialis anterior

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

innervation lateral leg muscles

superficial fibular nerve

actions fibularis longus and brevis

foot eversion, ankle plantarflexion

distal attachment fibularis brevis

base of 5th metatarsal

olfactary nerve function

smell

optic nerve function

vision

oculomotor nerve funciton

eye muscles 1

trochlear nerve function

eye muscles 2

trigeminal nerve function

sensation of facial skin, muscles of mastication

abducens nerve function

eye muscles 3

facial nerve function

tasted from tongue, muscles of facial expression

vestibulocochlear nerve function

balance and hearing

glossopharyngeal nerve function

taste from tongue, swallowing

vagus nerve function

motor and sensory to all major organs in the thorax and abdomen

accessory nerve function

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

hypoglosseal nerve function

movement of tongue

number of pairs of spinal nerves that exit through the intervertebral foramina

31

where does the spinal cord descend to

L1/L2

what happens to the medulla oblongata when it passes through the foramen magnum

it becomes the spinal cord

cauda equina

the collection of spinal nerves below L2

what do the vertebral arteries arise from

subclavian arteries

what do the internal carotid arteries arise from

common carotid arteries