Ethics Final Exam

Shelly Kagan

Morality without God (reason, fairness, veil)

William Lane Craig

Morality needs God (3-step argument)

Salvation

Grace + faith (not earned)

Motivation (Christian ethics)

Love & gratitude, not earning

Jesus + ethics

Dependent on divinity

Pride

Contradicts Christianity

Socratic Method ends

No answer (aporia)

Euthyphro dilemma

God → good? OR good → God?

Søren Kierkegaard stages

Aesthetic / Ethical / Religious

Pseudonyms why

Show perspectives

Kierkegaard truth

Subjective / lived

Abraham paradox

Kill Isaac + promise → faith

Teleological Suspension

God > ethics

Abraham hero

Knight of faith (not tragic)

TSE + dilemma

TSE → God defines morality

Sherry Turkle key idea

Distraction culture

Conversation vs connection

Conversation > tech

Solitude

≠ loneliness

Pandemic lesson (Turkle)

Need real connection, empathy ↓

Nicholas Kardaras

Screens = digital drugs

Sustainability

Protect future resources

Best env. theory

Ecological balance

Hot spots

High biodiversity areas

Emotions + species

Bias (bad) / motivation (good)

Tragedy of commons

Overuse shared resources

Passive euthanasia

Let die

Active euthanasia

Cause death

Assisted suicide

Provide means

James Rachels

No diff (active vs passive)

Euthanasia FOR

Suffering / autonomy / dignity

Euthanasia AGAINST

Life sacred / slippery slope / abuse

Crito setting

Prison before death

Break laws

Generally no

Majority opinion

Ignore → trust experts

David Foster Wallace idea

Choose how to think

C. S. Lewis 3 parts

Others / self / purpose

Lewis similar to

Aristotle

Everyone agrees immoral

Strong evidence → wrong