Population Ecology and the Effects of Density

Uniform

________: evenly spaced individuals in a population.

Dispersion

________: pattern of spacing between individuals, how the population is spread out.

density of individuals

The ________ exceeds the systems resource availability.

Demography

________: the study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time.

Life table

________: an age- specific summary of the survival pattern of a population.

Exponential growth model

________: a population living under ideal conditions (ie easy access to food, abundant food, free to reproduce, etc)

Density

________- independent regulation: factors that exert their influence on population size, but the birth /death rate of a population does not change.

Life history

________: the traits that affect an organisms schedule of reproduction and survival.

Populations

________ are influenced by natural selection and environmental factors.

constant rate

A population growing exponentially grows at a(n) ________.

III

Type ________ curve: high death rate early in life and lower death rate for those that survive early life.

Density dependent regulation

________: as a population increases, factors can slow or stop growth by decreasing birth rate and increasing death rate.

Logistic growth model

________: a population's per capita growth rate decreases as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources, the carrying capacity (K)

Population ecology

________: analyzes the factors that affect population size and how and why it changes over time.

Population

________: a group of individuals of the same species living in an area.

Population

a group of individuals of the same species living in an area

Population ecology

analyzes the factors that affect population size and how and why it changes over time

Density

individuals / area

Dispersion

pattern of spacing between individuals, how the population is spread out

Clumped

individuals gather in patches

Uniform

evenly spaced individuals in a population

Random

unpredictable spacing; not common

Demography

the study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

Life table

an age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population

Type I curve

low death rate during early/middle life and high death rate later in life

Type II curve

constant death rate over the lifespan of the organism

Type III curve

high death rate early in life and lower death rate for those that survive early life

Exponential growth model

a population living under ideal conditions (ie easy access to food, abundant food, free to reproduce, etc)

Logistic growth model

a population's per capita growth rate decreases as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources, the carrying capacity( K)

Life history

the traits that affect an organisms schedule of reproduction and survival

K-selection (density-dependent selection)

selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density

R-selection (density independent selection)

selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success

Density-dependent regulation

as a population increases, factors can slow or stop growth by decreasing birth rate and increasing death rate

Density-independent regulation

factors that exert their influence on population size, but the birth/death rate of a population does not change