Anatomy Test- FLUID BALANCE, ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, & PH BALANCE

what is fluid distribution in the body?

1. water: most of the body (60%)

2. intracellular fluid: potassium & NaCl (2/3 of body water volume)

3. extracellular fluid: sodium (interstitial- in between cells; blood plasma- in capillaries; 1/3 of body water volume)

what is exchange of fluids like in the body?

exchange occurs, but volume of water between compartments remains stable

- sodium balance & water balance (blood volume, blood pressure, blood concentration (osmolarity))

what are components of the blood?

plasma

- mostly water (fluid volume/blood pressure)

- nutrients, electrolytes, hormones (K, Na, Cl, Ca, Phos, Mg)

- plasma proteins (albumins)

what are albumins?

plasma proteins

- blood osmotic pressure

- pull in force, keep fluid in capillaries

what is fluid balance in the body?

- fluid intake: digestive system (thirst mechanisms)

- fluid output: kidneys (skin, large intestines, lungs)

what is regulation of fluid balance and pH?

1. hypothalamus (thirst center)

2. left atrial volume receptors

3. baroreceptors

4. osmoreceptors

5. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

6. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

7. renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS)

what is electrolyte balance like in the body?

1. "salts" of the body (salutes)

2. fluid balance is closely linked to electrolytes balance

- sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium

what is sodium balance like?

major ECF (extracellular fluid) ion

- controls blood volume (water follows sodium)

- kidneys conserve or excrete sodium to maintain water balance

what is potassium balance like?

major ICF (intracellular fluid) ion

- muscle contractions; nerve condition

- kidneys regulate excretion of potassium

what is magnesium balance like?

bone matrix and vessel diameter (BP)

- excreted by kidneys

- "goes with" potassium

what is calcium balance like?

bone matrix

- neurotransmitter release, muscle contractions

- blood calcium levels regulated by parathyroid hormone (excreted by kidneys)

what is pH balance like in the body?

- normal blood pH: 7/35-7.45

- pH imbalance-> proteins denature-> impaired enzymatic reactions

- acids added to body by metabolism (diet: amino acids, fatty acids, nucleic acids; cellular metabolism-> carbon dioxide (increase acidity in blood))

what are the 3 homeostatic mechanisms of pH balance?

1) buffer system: "buffers" acute pH change by binding free H+ ions (bicarbonate is primary ECF buffer)

2) respiratory system: regulates H+ ion concentrations in the blood by controlling the rate of CO2 removal (adjusting rates of pulmonary ventilation adjust CO2 excretion)

3) renal system: regulate H+ ion concentrations and HCO3- ion concentrations by controlling the rate of their excretion (adjusting the permeability of renal tubules)

what is regulation of pH balance?

1. sensory: chemoreceptors monitor concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid in blood (located in walls of aorta and carotid arteries)

2. integrating center: respiratory center (medulla)

3. motor: breathing patterns change to eliminate or retain CO2