Airborne Bacterial Diseases

Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)

The part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, throat, and larynx.

Streptococcal Pyogenes

A bacterium that causes various infections, including strep throat.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

A throat infection characterized by a red sore throat with white patches.

Scarlet Fever

A complication of strep throat that includes a skin rash due to capillary damage.

Rheumatic Fever

An autoimmune response triggered by s. pyogenes where antibodies against M-protein attack connective tissue and myofibers.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

A rare immune response to M-protein that affects kidney function.

Erysipelas

A skin infection characterized by deep red inflammation caused by s. pyogenes.

Puerperal Sepsis

An infection of the uterus occurring 1-10 days postpartum, also known as "childbed fever," is caused by s. pyogenes.

Corynebacterium diphtheria

A bacterium that causes diphtheria, a localized throat infection.

Diphtheria

An infection that produces an exotoxin inhibiting protein synthesis, leading to a pseudomembrane in the throat.

Diphtheria SX

bull neck or heart/nerve damage

DTaP Vaccine

A vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Neisseria meningitidis

A bacterium that causes meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis.

Meningococcemia

A rapid-onset sepsis caused by Neisseria meningitidis dx through CSF

Meningococcemia sepsis SX

bright red patches and blue/black spots

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

A complication involving lesions in the adrenal glands due to meningococcal infection.

Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB)

prevented through HiB vaccine or DTaP+HiBvaccine

Bordetella pertussis

The bacterium responsible for paralyzing cilia of airways.

Pertussis

A respiratory infection characterized by paroxysms of cough followed by a "whoop" sound. Preventable by DTap vaccine

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A bacterium that causes tuberculosis affecting 2 billion people globally. 90% of latent TB carriers never develop active infection

TB Complex

Includes M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, and M. bovis

Tuberculosis SX

cough/fever greater than 3 weeks, weight loss, breathing pain, hemoptysis (blood-stained sputa)

Ghon’s Complex

A calcified lesion in the lung caused by tuberculosis.

Miliary Tuberculosis

A form of TB characterized by widespread dissemination in the body.

Quantiferon Gold

A diagnostic test for latent TB infections.

Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)

A form of tuberculosis resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Tuberculosis TX

PREIST (Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Streptomycin)

Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG)

A vaccine for tuberculosis that is 60-80% effective but not given in the US.

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

A group of bacteria that is isolate in over 95% of AIDS pts. Highly resistant to abx

Mycobacterium marinum

causes opportunistic infections in humans and rare diseases such as aquarium granuloma

Healthcare-acquired pneumonia (HAP pneumonia)

Pneumonia acquired during healthcare settings.

Staphylococcus aureus

(includes MRSA, can cause necrotizing pneumonia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

HAP pneumonia

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Pneumonia acquired outside of healthcare settings.

Streptococcus pneumonia

The bacterium responsible for pneumococcal pneumonia, causing 80% of bacterial pneumonia cases, characterized by rust-colored sputum

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Known as "walking pneumonia," caused by bacteria without a cell wall. Diagnosed by Cold Agglutination Screening Test (CAST)

Mycoplasma pneumonia TX

abx, not b-lactams

Legionella pneumophila

The bacterium causing Legionnaire’s disease, associated with water systems.

Coxiella burnetti

The bacterium causing Q fever, an obligate intracellular parasite prevalent in livestock.

Chlamydophilia psittaci

A bacterium causing "walking pneumonia" from infected psittacine birds.

Chlamydophilia pneumoniae

A bacterium associated with respiratory infections.