Unit 1.1 Introduction & Terminology

What is anatomy?

The study of active and passive structures.

What is kinesiology?

The study of movement.

What is structural kinesiology?

The study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement.

What are the two requirements for becoming a good anatomist?

1. Memorize joint actions, 2. Memorize where each muscle crosses the joint.

What is anatomical neutral?

The reference position of the human body.

What are the three components of the anatomical neutral position?

1. Standing upright/facing forward, 2. Feet parallel/close together, 3. Arms by side/palms forward.

What is the anterior side of the body?

The front side.

What is the posterior side of the body?

The back side.

What is the medial side of the body?

The side closer to the midline (inside).

What is the lateral side of the body?

The side away from the midline (outside).

What is distal?

Away from the midline or away from the point of origin (e.g., shoulder to finger).

What is proximal?

Near the midline or near the point of origin.

What is superior (cephalic)?

Closer to the head (hands up).

What is inferior (caudal)?

Away from the head (hands down).

What is an origin?

The proximal or "non-moving" attachment.

What is an insertion?

The distal or "moving" attachment.

What is the dorsal part of the hand or foot?

The top side.

What is the palmar/plantar part of the hand or foot?

The bottom side.

What is a superficial injury?

An injury more towards the surface (like a papercut).

What is a deep injury?

An injury further from the surface (like surgery).

What is an agonist?

The muscle most responsible for movement (prime mover).

What is an antagonist?

The muscle that opposes the agonist.

What is ipsilateral?

Pertaining to the same side of the body.

What is contralateral?

Pertaining to the opposite side of the body.

What is range of motion (ROM)?

The angular distance through which a joint can be moved.

What is active ROM?

When the person moves on their own using their muscles.

What is passive ROM?

When someone else moves the muscle for the person.

What is resistive ROM?

When the person tries to move against a practitioner's response (pushing back).

What is a goniometer?

A tool (like a protractor) used to measure a joint’s range of motion in degrees.

What is a plane?

A 2-D surface defined by 3 points (like an invisible plane of glass).

What is an axis?

A line passing perpendicularly through a plane.

How do motion, planes, and axes relate?

Motion occurs IN a plane and ABOUT an axis.

What is the sagittal plane?

A plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

What is the axis for the sagittal plane?

Medial-Lateral (Bilateral) axis.

What is the frontal plane?

A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

What is the axis for the frontal plane?

Anterior-Posterior axis.

What is the transverse plane?

A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

What is the axis for the transverse plane?

Longitudinal (Polar) axis.

What is a mid-plane?

A cardinal plane that passes through the body dividing it into equal halves.

What is the center of mass (COM)?

The point where all three mid cardinal planes intersect (the balance point).

How does center of mass differ between men and women?

It is typically higher in men and lower in women.

If you have pain in your right shoulder and left hip, what term describes this?

Contralateral.

Jumping jacks occur in which plane?

Frontal plane.

During a bicep curl, what is the tricep considered?

The antagonist.

If you are "cleaning a glass plane" in front of you, what plane are you moving in?

Sagittal plane.

Where is the center of mass located when a person is bent over in a pike position?

Outside the body.