DIET 2100 Exam 3

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Recommended percentage of total calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat to support growth and overall health in children and adolescents

Added Sugars

Sugars added during processing that should be limited in children's diets

Adolescent Nutrition Counseling

Patient-centered guidance that supports healthy eating patterns, growth, and disease prevention or management

Anorexia Nervosa

An ED characterized by restriction and low body weight

At what age do females typically experience peak velocity of weight change?

At 12.5 years.

At what age do males typically experience peak velocity of weight change?

At 14.4 years.

At what age should universal lipid screening occur for children?

Between 9 and 11 years of age.

Balanced Diet

A dietary pattern that includes all food groups in appropriate portions

Bariatric Surgery

Surgical procedure for adolescents with severe obesity that helps reduce weight and improve health

Behavioral Interventions

Strategies to help adolescents change eating habits, increase physical activity, and manage weight or chronic conditions

Binge Eating Disorder

Eating disorder that involves recurrent binge eating without compensation

BMI Rebound

A normal increase in BMI that occurs after early childhood but when it happens too early it raises obesity risk later in life, typically occurs around age 6

Body Composition Changes

Changes in fat mass and lean body mass during adolescence

Bogalusa-Heart Study

A landmark study showing that cardiovascular disease risk factors like high cholesterol and hypertension can begin in childhood and track into adulthood

Bulimia Nervosa

ED involving binging and compensatory behaviors

Calcium

A mineral critical for bone development in school-age children; adequate intake during this stage helps build peak bone mass and reduce future fracture risk

Cardiovascular Risk

Early indicators like elevated cholesterol or blood pressure in children

Cerebral Palsy

Neuromuscular condition that may impair feeding and swallowing

Cystic Fibrosis

This is a genetic condition causing thick mucus and poor nutrient absorption

Dash Diet

Dietary pattern emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and low sodium for blood pressure control

Diabetes

This condition requires medical nutrition therapy and lifestyle interventions to manage blood glucose such as carbohydrate monitoring, balanced meals, insulin or medication if needed

Dietary Assessment

Evaluating a child's intake, growth, labs, and feeding patterns to identify nutrition risks and guide interventions

Dietary Recall

Method where patients report everything eaten over a period

Disordered Eating

Abnormal eating behaviors not meeting full diagnostic criteria

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing safely

Eating Behaviors

How children's food choices and habits are shaped by development, parental influence, peers, environment and effect overall growth

Eating Disorder Management

Coordinated care that addresses medical stabilization, restores adequate nutrition, and supports mental and behavioral recovery in adolescents

Energy Needs

Influenced by sex, age, size, and activity level in school-age children

Epilepsy

This is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures managed by a ketogenic diet

Family Influence

The impact of parental modeling, meal structure, and home environment on adolescent eating patterns

Family Meals

Regularly shared meals at home that are linked to higher diet quality, better nutrient intake, and improve children's overall well-being

Fast Food Consumption

High intake of this is associated with excess calories, sodium, and fat

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A, D, E, K Vitamins that require fat for absorption and are often deficient in malabsorption

Fiber

A nutrient important for digestion and heart health, often underconsumed

Food Allergy

Immune response to a food protein that can be life-threatening

Food Environment

The availability and accessibility of foods where a child lives and learns

Food Insecurity

Limited or uncertain access to adequate food

Growth Faltering

Slower-than-expected growth that may signal an underlying issue

Growth Spurt

A period of rapid height and weight gain during adolescents that increases energy and nutrient needs

Growth Velocity

Rate at which a child grows in height and weight over time

Growth Warning Signs

Patterns such as plateaued weight, weight gain followed by loss, failure to gain back weight after illness, unexplained unintentional weight loss

HDL Cholesterol

"Good" cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol

Health Promotion

Strategies that encourage healthy eating, regular physical activity and positive lifestyle habits to prevent disease and promote growth

Healthy Snacks

These are nutrient dense portion controlled foods that provide energy and essential nutrients between meals and they support growth without excess calories or added sugars

How can parents encourage regular physical activity in children?

By modeling active behaviors and providing opportunities for play.

How can technology and social media be used in nutrition education?

To build rapport and involve adolescents in decision-making.

How do family mealtimes influence children's nutrition?

They encourage eating together, allowing parents to model behaviors and improve nutritional quality.

How do restrictive feeding practices affect children?

They can influence the onset of obesity and eating disorders.

How does dieting among adolescents relate to future weight status?

Dieting and unhealthy weight-control behaviors may increase the likelihood of being overweight in the future.

How does the home environment affect childhood obesity?

Parental obesity, low family income, and lower cognitive stimulation increase risk.

How much height do females gain on average during adolescence?

Add an average of 9.8 inches.

How much height do males gain on average during adolescence?

Add approximately 11 inches.

How often should muscle- and bone-strengthening activities be performed?

At least 3 times a week.

Hyperglycemia

Dangerously high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin action

Hyperlipidemia

Elevated levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

Hypertension

Persistently high blood pressure influenced by diet, physical activity, body weight, and family history

Hypoglycemia

When someone has dangerously low blood glucose levels

Ideal Body Weight

A reference weight sometimes used to assess growth, guide nutrient needs, and plan interventions

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

This is a group of genetic conditions that affect how the body processes nutrients

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

This is a law that ensures students with disabilities receive appropriate support in school such as modified meals and inclusion in the least restrictive environment

Insulin Resistance

Reduced cellular response to insulin that causes elevated blood glucose levels

Iron Needs

Increased need due to expansion of blood volume and menstruation

LDL Cholesterol

"Bad" cholesterol associated with plaque buildup

Lifestyle Modification

Changes in diet, activity, sleep, and stress management aimed at preventing or managing chronic conditions

Lifestyle Risk Factors

Behaviors and environments that increase risk for poor health outcomes

Lipid Profile

Blood test measuring cholesterol and triglycerides

Macronutrient Requirements

Recommended intake of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to support growth, energy and overall health of adolescents

Malabsorption

Inability to properly absorb nutrients from food

Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)

Evidence based nutrition care used to treat chronic conditions

Metabolic Syndrome

Cluster of conditions that increases the risk for heart disease and diabetes

Micronutrient Needs

Essential vitamins and minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin D

Motivational Counseling

A patient-centered approach that helps children and adolescents set goals and make sustainable behavior changes for healthy eating and physical activity

Nutrient Density

Choosing foods that provide more vitamins and minerals per calorie

Nutrition Assessment

Comprehensive evaluation of diet, growth, labs, and behaviors

Nutrition Intervention

(intensive) More frequent or specialized nutrition care in clinical settings

Nutrition Monitoring

This is ongoing tracking of growth, nutrient intake, and health outcomes to make sure interventions are effective and adjust them if needed

Nutrition Support

Use of enteral or parenteral feeding for children with special healthcare needs who cannot meet their nutrient needs orally

Nutritional Rehabilitation

Coordinated care that addressed medical stabilization, supports mental and behavioral recovery, and restores adequate nutrition in adolescents

Obesity

Factors that can put an adolescent at risk for this condition

Overconsumption

Excess intake of nutrients like sodium or added sugar

Pancreatic Insufficiency (PERT)

Condition where the pancreas does not release enough digestive enzymes; PERT = Enzymes given with meals to help digest fat and absorb nutrients

Parental Modeling

When caregivers demonstrate healthy eating behaviors for children to imitate

Peak Height Velocity

The time when adolescents grow at their fastest rate and guides individual nutrition planning

Peer Influence

Strong social factor that shapes adolescent food choices

Peg Tube

A medical device used to deliver nutrition directly to the stomach when oral intake insufficient or unsafe

Percentiles

Used in growth charts to measure child's measurements to peers

Phenylketonuria

This is a metabolic disorder requiring restriction of phenylalanine

Physical Activity Guidelines

Children and adolescents should get at least 60-80 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity every day including aerobic and muscle and bone strengthening activities

Portion Sizes

Larger-than-recommended serving amounts that can promote overeating

Psychosocial Development

Developmental changes that affect social interactions and self-perception

Psychosocial Recovery

Part of addressing mental, emotional, and behavioral parts of recovery of ED

Risk Factors

These are factors such as genetics or early BMI rebound or a diet high in calories and sugar and fat or low physical activity or family environment that could influence a child's likelihood of developing overweight and obesity

School and Community Environment

External factors including the cafeteria offerings, vending machines, and neighborhood food access that shape adolescent dietary patterns

School Nutrition Programs

These are structured programs that influence children's daily nutrient intake (National School Lunch Program, Breakfast Program, Summer Program)

Screen Time

Time spent on devices associated with lower physical activity

Screening for Risk

Identifying adolescents at risk for obesity, metabolic syndrome, or disordered eating through growth, lab, and behavioral assessments

Sedentary Behavior

Activities like excess TV or device use that reduce energy expenditure

Skipping Meals

Common behavior where adolescents miss important eating opportunities

Snacking Patterns

Frequent, unstructured eating patterns

Special Healthcare Needs

Children who require extra medical, developmental, or nutrition support due to chronic conditions or disabilities