Hells Kitchen: Vimy Ridge, The Korean War, and Canadian Historical Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering major themes and events in Canadian history from World War 1 through the Cold War, including domestic social movements and Indigenous history.

Creeping Barrage

A military tactic used at Vimy Ridge where shellfire moves forward in increments to keep enemy forces in their underground bunkers until the attackers are right on top of them.

Hill 145

The highest and most important point on Vimy Ridge, captured on April $10, 1917$, and now the location of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.

The Pimple

The toughest German position at Vimy Ridge, which was overtaken by Canadian forces on April $12, 1917$, forcing a $3\text{km}$ German withdrawal.

$38\text{th}$ Parallel

The line of latitude established in $1948$ as the border dividing the communist North Korea and the capitalist South Korea.

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

The established buffer zone between North and South Korea created after the armistice was signed on July $27, 1953$.

Wartime Elections Act

A September $1917$ law that allowed female relatives of World War $1$ soldiers to vote on their behalf while disenfranchising many immigrants born in 'enemy countries.'

Women’s Suffrage

The right for women to vote in political elections, which was achieved for all White and Black women in Canada by $1922$, except in Quebec.

Famous Five

A group of women from Alberta who were successful in $1928$ in changing the law so that women could serve in prominent Parliament positions.

Chinese Exclusion Act ($1923$)

A law passed on July $1$ that barred nearly all immigration from China to Canada, leading Chinese-Canadians to refer to Canada Day as 'Humiliation Day.'

Prohibition

The period in Canadian and American history when the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol was made illegal.

Rum-running

The activity of illegally transporting alcohol manufactured in Canada into the United States during the era of Prohibition.

Bootlegging

The illegal sale of alcohol during the period of Prohibition.

Speakeasies

Illegal alcohol stores or nightclubs that operated in secret during the Prohibition era.

Dieppe Raid

Canada's first land battle in Europe during World War $2$, occurring in $1942$; it was considered a major Allied failure with over $80\%$ of foot soldiers being Canadian.

Juno Beach

The specific beach in Normandy, Northern France, that was successfully stormed by Canadian forces during the D-Day landings on June $6, 1944$.

Atlantic Wall

A series of coastal defense strongholds created by Germany to protect 'Fortress Europe' from an Allied attack.

Princess Margriet

The daughter of the future Queen Juliana born in $1943$ at the Ottawa Civic Hospital while the Dutch royal family was sheltered in Canada.

Tulip Festival

An annual event in Ottawa originated from a gift of $100,000$ tulip bulbs sent by the Dutch royal family in $1945$ to thank Canada for its role in the liberation of the Netherlands.

Black Tuesday

October $29, 1929$, the day the stock market crashed on Wall Street, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

A term for the severe dust storms caused by intense drought in the Canadian Prairies during the $1930$s, which turned soil to dust.

Relief Camps

Government-run camps for single, unemployed, homeless Canadian males during the Great Depression, offering medical care and $20$ cents a day for manual labor.

Igor Gouzenko

A Soviet cipher clerk who defected in Ottawa in September $1945$ with documents proving his country was spying on Canada, triggering the Cold War.

McCarthyism

A $1950$s campaign in the U.S. led by Senator Joseph McCarthy to expose and blacklist suspected communists, resulting in widespread political repression.

The Red Scare

The period during the Cold War characterized by a heightened fear of communism and the local search for 'communist traitors' in Western nations.

Idle No More

A grassroots social movement founded in $2012$ by four women to protest Bill C-$45$ and advocate for Indigenous rights as well as environmental protection.

ujamiit

Small leather identification tags bearing unique numbers that the Canadian government required Inuit people to wear at all times starting in $1941$.

Surname Project

An initiative led by Abe Okpik between $1968$ and $1970$ that assigned family names to Inuit people to replace the government identification tag system.

Marathon of Hope

Terry Fox's $1980$ cross-country run to raise money for cancer research, during which he ran nearly a full marathon every day for $143$ days.

Ottawa Treaty ($1997$)

A comprehensive global humanitarian initiative led by Canada that resulted in a ban on the production and transfer of anti-personnel landmines.

Universal Healthcare

A publicly funded system established in Canada by the Medical Care Act of $1966$, ensuring free healthcare for all citizens regardless of income.

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The document enacted in $1982$ under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau that provides constitutional protection for fundamental freedoms and equality rights in Canada.

Civil Marriage Act ($2005$)

The federal legislation that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, making Canada one of the first countries in the world to do so.

Kristallnacht

Known as the 'Night of Broken Glass,' occurring November $9\text{--}10, 1938$, it involved state-sponsored pogroms against Jews in Germany.

Holocaust (Sho’ah)

The state-sponsored systematic murder of approximately $6\text{ million}$ Jews and over $11\text{ million}$ total victims by the Nazi regime between $1939$ and $1945$.

Lebensraum

A Nazi concept meaning 'living space,' used to justify German expansion into Eastern Europe for the benefit of German-speaking peoples.

Blitzkrieg

Meaning 'lightning war,' a military strategy involving rapid, synchronized attacks by tanks, aircraft, and infantry to overpower an enemy without a long battle of attrition.

The Schlieffen Plan

Germany's World War $1$ strategy to avoid a two-front war by invading neutral Belgium to quickly knock France out of the conflict before turning to Russia.

Victory Bonds

A system where Canadians lent money to the government to fund the war effort with the promise of receiving their money back plus interest after the war.

Passchendaele

The Third Battle of Ypres in $1917$, remembered for its horrific weather and deep mud that could swallow men and horses whole.

Military Service Act ($1917$)

A controversial piece of legislation that authorized the conscription of Canadian men for service in World War $1$.