Sub saharan africa flash cards AP world

What type of political system existed in early Africa (Period 1)?

Pharaoh/queen seen as divine; internal disorder and invasions; irrigation systems.

What was the economy based on in Period 1 Africa?

Trade with Kush and Mesopotamia; agricultural villages participated in trade.

What was the role of women in Period 1?

Patriarchal society, but women could own property, divorce, be priestesses, and act as regents.

What were key innovations in Period 1 Africa?

Hieroglyphics, bronze tools, papyrus, 365-day calendar, math, medicine, astronomy, iron.

What defined art and architecture in Period 1?

Pyramids, temples, hieroglyphics.

What geographic features shaped early African civilization?

Nile River; protected geography; less urban than Mesopotamia.

What religion was practiced in Period 1 Africa?

Polytheism, belief in afterlife, mummification, Book of the Dead.

What influenced political systems in this period?

Islam legitimized kingship; “People of the Book”; Bantu stateless societies.

What drove the economy in Period 3?

Trans-Saharan trade; gold (Ghana, Mali), salt, slaves, ivory; Islam unified trade.

How did Islam affect society? (3)

Merchants valued; patriarchy strengthened; Islamic law; religious tolerance.

Q: What intellectual developments occurred? (3)

A: Hellenistic influence; advancements in science and math.

Q: What artistic developments occurred? (P3)

A: Islamic and Christian architecture; mosques, calligraphy, minarets.

Q: What defined empires in this period? (3)

A: Islamic urban centers; Bantu migrations; major trade networks.

Q: What religions were practiced? (P3)

A: Islam, Christianity (Ethiopia), animism, syncretism.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), how did leaders interact with Europeans?

A: Cooperated with slave traders; monarchies.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), what dominated the economy?

A: Triangular Trade; Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade; guns traded for slaves.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), what demographic changes occurred?

A: More males enslaved; depopulation; some regions traded more females.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), what changes occurred in agriculture/technology?

A: New crops (maize, manioc, sweet potatoes); tech decline due to slave trade.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), what happened to art?

A: Islamic art continued; decline due to slave trade.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), what empires existed?

A: Kongo, Benin, Mali, Songhai; part of global trade.

Q: In Period 4 (1450–1750), what religions were practiced?

A: Islam, Christianity, animism; syncretism.

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what major political change occurred?

A: European colonization; “Scramble for Africa.”

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what happened after the slave trade ended?

A: Continued trade reliance; economic decline.

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what happened to population?

A: Rapid population growth.

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what technological changes occurred?

A: Industrialization; guns, textiles; Enlightenment influence.

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what influenced art?

A: Christian/Islamic + Western styles.

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what happened to African independence?

A: Colonized by Europe.

Q: In Period 5 (1750–1900), what religions were practiced?

A: Islam, Christianity, animism; syncretism.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), what political shifts occurred?

A: Decolonization; independence; civil wars; corruption; socialism.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), what economic challenges exist?

A: Globalization; poverty; debt; reliance on former colonial systems.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), what major social events occurred?

A: Spanish Flu; apartheid; strong Black majority.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), why did development lag?

A: Effects of colonization; instability; limited industry; oil economies.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), what defines modern African art?

A: Mix of Western and traditional styles; exports.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), what is the political structure now?

A: Independent nations after decolonization.

Q: In Period 6 (1900–Present), what religions are practiced?

A: Islam, Christianity, animism, atheism.