CLAS170 Midterm 1 - Handout Iliad

trojan cycle

a. prelude to war

b. the war at troe

c. the return voyages

prelude to war

marriage of peleus and thetis (apple of discord “to the most beautiful)

judgment of the goddesses by paris

abduction of the goddesses by paris

the launch of the greek expedition

the war at troy

the wrath of achilles & death of hector (iliad)

the fall of troy, the trojan horse

the return voyages

nostoi in greek

odysseus’ return (Odyssey)

troy

also called Ilion (in the Troad region)

sparta

homeland of Menelaus and Helen

myccenae

homeland of AgmemnonI

Ithaca (an island)

home of Odysseus

agmemnon + clymenestra (his wife)

leader of the greek army whos pride and conflict with achilles drives the central tension of the war

menelaus + helen (his wife)

husband of helen, his attempt to reclaim her from troy sparks thr trojan war

achilles & patroclus

achilles is the greeks’ greatest warrior, and patroclus’ death motivates his return to battle and quest for revenge

odysseus + penelope (his wife)

clever strategist and speaker who helps guide greek decisions and diplomacy

pheonix

loyal mentor to achilles who tries to persuade him to rejion the fight

ajax the great (telamonian)

second-best greek warrior after achilles, known for strength and defense, especially protecting greek forcesn

nestor

wise old kind who offers advice and guidance based on experience

priam & hecuba

king & queen of troy, priam represents compassionate leadership, especially in pleading with Achilles for Hector’s body

hector & andromache

hector is Troy’s greatest defender, and Andromache highlights the human cost of war through family and loss

paris (alexander) & helen

paris abducts helen, causing the war, and represents selfish desire contrasted with Hector’s duty

aenas

a resilient trojan warrior protected by the gods, destinedc to survive and found a future civilization

sarpedon

a noble ally of troy and son of zeus whose death shows even the gods cannot fully prevent fate

peleus + thetis son

achilles

achilles’ son

neoptolemus

priam + hecuba’s sons

hector, paris, many more

anchises + aphrodite

aeneas