RT205 - PreFinals: Drug TYpes 4 (DIURETICS)

Diuretics

Substance that increases urine output, removes the excess fluid and electrolytes. Divided into: thiazides, loop, potassium sparing, and osmotic.

Thiazides

Blocks the molecular pump that pulls sodium and chloride back into the blood from the distal tubule. Promotes sodium and water excretion into the urine, lower the sodium level in the blood and reduces vasoconstriction.

Loop Diuretics

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of henle which inhibits water reabsorption back into the blood leading to increased urine formation.

Ex. Furosemide

Potassium Sparing Diuretic

Sometimes administered under conditions in which potassium depletion can be dangerous, inhibits the exchange of sodium from the urine for potassium from the blood. Caution for patients taking ACE Inhibitors.

Ex. Spironolactone

Osmotic

Increases the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes and increasing urinary output.

Ex. Mannitol

Mannitol

Only osmotic diuretic in the market primarily used for cerebral edema or to decrease intra ocular pressure.