HISTORY EXAM TERMS

study/look over everyday for good memorization

Herodotus

The ancient Greek historian who was known as the father of history for his work on the Greco-Persian wars.

Social Order

The structured set up of social relationships and institutions in society

Catacombs

An underground burial for many dead bodies located in Paris

Games

A way of entertainment during a time where there wasn’t much to entertain them.

Municipal

Relating to a city or town and its local government.

Necropolis

A large ancient cemetery or burial site, often partners with a specific city.

Gladiator

Professional combat in ancient Rome.

12 Bronze

Law of twelve tables

Soothsayers

Someone who claims they can tell the future

Triumph

A feeling of victory or enjoyment when something good happens.

Omens

A sign that is believed to warn you of future events or occurrences

Fasces

An ancient Rome symbol that consists of rods tied together around an axe.

Republic

A form of government that has ultimate power that can elect to make their own laws and govern on their behalf.

Consuls

an official government representative stationed in a foreign country

Legions

A highly organized military unit

publicans

A person who own or manages a public house

Patricians

A person of high social standing

Veto

Cancelling something out

Legionaries

A soldier who belongs to a legion

Dictator

A political leader who holds power over government without the consent of people.

Plebeians

A person of the common, ordinary, and lower social class.

Tribunes

person who champions the rights of the common people

Triumvirate

a political or governing body of three individuals who share power, authority, or leadership

Gladius

famous short sword utilized as the primary weapon by ancient Roman foot soldiers

Pilum

a heavy javelin primarily used by the ancient Roman army

Hannibal

One of the greatest military tacticians in history, originating from the ancient city-state of Carthage

Scipio

was one of the greatest military commanders in Roman history. He is best known for defeating the legendary Carthaginian general Hannibal

Julius Caesar

Roman general, statesman, and author who famously dismantled the Roman Republic and paved the way for the rise of the Roman Empire

Carthage

Means new town/new city

.Gladiators

An armed combat who entertained audiences by violent public confrontations

Augustus

Finder of the roman empire and the first emperor of the empire.

Marcus Aurelius

He was best known as the philosopher king

Diocletian

He was most known for stabilizing the empire after a the tragedy of the Crisis of the third century .

Constantine

A Christian roman emperor and one of the most influential figures in roman history

Constantinople

Capital city of byzantine and ottomans empire

Danube river

Europe’s second largest river

Rhine river

Europes most important and historic waterways

Sahara

Largest and hottest desert in the world

Emperor

a monarch who holds absolute sovereign authority over an empire.

Census

an official, systematic count and survey of a population conducted by a government

Tariffs

taxes imposed by a government on goods and services imported from other countries

Circus Maximus

the largest and oldest chariot-racing stadium in ancient Rome

Coliseum

The worlds largest amphitheater

Aqueduct

an artificial channel or pipe system designed to transport fresh water from a distant source to a municipal distribution point

arch

A specific way the romans use to make things to hold walls in a circular way

Theater

the Greek and Roman worlds, going to the theater was a massive, day-long public event that was tightly woven into religion, politics, and daily survival

Obelisk

a monumental, four-sided stone pillar that tapers gradually as it rises and finishes with a pyramid-like shape at the very top

Roads

A way of transportation that made it easier to go through for people who traded things

Roman cities

highly advanced, standardized urban centers that served as the primary tool for governing, taxing, and culturalizing the vast lands of the Roman Empire

Gaul

the ancient Roman name for a vast region of Western Europe

Pax Romana

a roughly 200-year golden age of relative political stability, economic prosperity, and imperial hegemony across the Roman Empire

Rule by divine

a political and religious concept where a monarch claims their authority to rule comes directly from a god or the heavens, rather than from the people, a parliament, or any earthly institution

Right

the concept of "right" meant status, legal privilege

Deify

The official declare of worship to someone or a god

Scriptures

the sacred, authoritative writings of a religion that are believed to contain divine truth, holy laws, or spiritual guidance

Messiah

savior, or supreme leader prophesied to bring liberation, salvation, or a golden age of peace to humanity

Gentiles

Someone who is not Jewish

Missionary

Someone who spread faith and someone’s teachings to try to convert non believers

Churches

Places where people practiced prayer and spoke the word of God

Apostles

Someone who is specifically sent out to speak about a specific teaching

Priests

authorized to perform sacred rituals, lead worship services, and act as mediators between human beings and a god or gods

Bishops

high-ranking ordained members of the Christian clergy who hold supreme spiritual and administrative authority over a specific geographic region

Nazareth

A historic city located in modern day Israel

Bethlehem

A historic city located close to Jerusalem

Paul

The most influential missionary

Peter

One of the closest friends and chief follower of Jesus

Theodosius

He made Christianity an official state religion and was the last single emperor to rule over the roman empire

Augustine

He was a monumental philosopher, and bishop

Relics

a physical object, custom, or system from the past that has survived into the present day

Theology

the systematic study of religious beliefs, the nature of the divine, and the relationship between God (or gods) and humanity

Greek Fire

a devastating incendiary weapon used by the ⁠Byzantine Empire from the 7th to the 14th centuries, most famously in naval warfare

Justinian

Justinian I is important because his achievements fundamentally shaped the legal, cultural, and political landscape of the modern Western world.

Theodora