Lymphatic system W3, NT

lymphatic system words and organs all of unit important info

Lymphatic System Function

-Drain intestinal fluid from tissue spaces

-Transport absorbed lipids to blood (any fat, lipids, vitamins that are fat soluble get absorbed into here)

-Develop immunities

-Produce lymphocytes (WBC)

Lacteals

transports lipids that are absorbed

• special lymphatics in small intestine

Chyle

a type of lipid

• milky lymph in lacteais

Lymphatic vessels

Lymph capillaries united to form

Lymphatics Chanels

converge into tow main channels (Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct)

Thoracic duct

empties into junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian

inferior end of diaghram

-drains into the left subclavian vein (lower)

Right lymphatic duct

empties at junction of right internal jugular and right subclavian veins

right jugular subclavian (right underneath right callor bone)

-drains into the right subclavian vein (upper)

Lymphatic System

All tissues and organs except cornea, bone marrow and nervous systme are all connected to the lymphatic system/ lymphatic capillary

Cisterna chyli

most inferior part of thoracic duct

Lymph nodes

Found along side lengths of lymphatics, found thought the body

Efferent vessel

exit lymph node at the hilum (next to blood vessels)

Afferent vessel

enter lymph node at various locations

Trabecular

Divides the nodes into compartments (bundle of collagen fibers)

-skeletal of nodes

Interstitial fluid

plasma in interstitial space

Lymph

interstitial fluid in lymph capillaries

Lymph Circulation

maintained by muscle contraction

compression of lymph vessesl and forces lymph in one direction

-respiratory or breathing movement

-smooth muscles in lymphatic vesseles

-resel valves prevents back flow

Lymph trunk

-Lymphatic join to from this

-provided a passage way

Lymphatic system Organs

-Tonsils -Peyers patches

-Thymus. -spleen

Tonsils

-5 nodes

-Palatine(2), Phargyngeal(1), and Lingual(2)

-protects the nose and oral cavity by draining into tonsils

Thymus

-lymphocyte production and maturation

(slowly disappears over time, replaced with fat as mature)

Peyers patches

-found in walls of small intestine (mucus lining)

-cluster of lymohnodes fall in mucus lining

Spleen

-Filters blood

-lagest mass of lymphatic tissue

-phagocytize worn out RBCs and platelets

-produces lymphocytes and plasma cells

-stores blood for release during hemorrhage

-recycles hemoglobin

-initiates B & T cells to go int action

Innate immunity

-genetically immune

Acquired immunity

-immunity developed once exposed to antigen

Humoral immunity

-B lymphocytes: produce antibodies

• fight bacteria & viral infections

• become plasma cells when enter tissue

• related to antibodies in blood

ex: placenta and breast milk

Cellular immunity

not precent at birth

-T lymphocytes

• come from thymus gland

• Fight intercellular viruses, fungi, parasites, cancer

-Results when atigens encounter T lymphocytes

-Regulate exposure

ex: vaccination or illness itslef

Antigen

foreign protein in our body

B lymphocytes

-produces antibodies in responce to antigens

-antibodies bind to specific antigen

-antigens precipitate

-phagocytic WBC eat the antigens

Antigens precipitate

based on tow soluble reactants that come together to make one insoluble product

Antibody morphology

-4 amino acid chains linked by disulfide bonds (heavy and light chains)

-Y shaped molecules

-binding at tips of Y (antigens bind with antibodies)

-stem on the Y is always constant

-tips of y are always variable

IgG

attacks viruses, bacteria, and toxins activates complement

(largest and most diverse)

IgA

Found in exocrine gland secretions (mucus, tears)

IgM

response to bacteria or food antigens

IgD

found on surface of B lymphocytes

IgE

associated with allergic reaction

Active immunity

B cells contract antigen and produce antibodies

Natural active

exposure to infection

Artificial actives

vaccine

Natural passive

maternal antibodies to fetus

Artificial passive

gamma globulin

Macrophages

-engulf and digest antigen

-present them to T cell for recognition

Lymphokines

chemicals released by sensitized T cells

Monokines

chemicals released by activated macrophages

skin

mechanical barrier (acid mantle, sebum)

Lysozyme

attacks bacteria (tears, salave)

-breaks down cell wall of bacteria

Mucous membranes

Traps microorganisms and debris

-helps forean body out of respiratory

Hydrochloric acid

destroys microorganisms (stomach)

Lymph capillaries(location)

Between cells